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Dual The electricity demand has increased fast in most parts of the world. Traditional power plants of fossil fuel energy sources produce electricity combined with environmental pollution, which makes it a necessity to search for alternatives and energy-conservative solutions. The Electric Water Heater (EWH) was recorded as the second biggest household energy consumption. One effective alternative for energy saving is to use hybrid Electric/Solar Water Heaters (ESWHs) instead of EWHs. Many kinds of research have focused on the efficiency and optimization of various kinds of solar water heater technologies, and few other studies have discussed the hybrid Electric/Solar Water Heater (ESWH) systems. However, there is a lack of modeling behavior of such types of water heaters. This work formulates the ESWH system and compares the modeled outcomes with the corresponding experimental measurements. The results obtained showed a great meeting between the proposed model and the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequency estimation of a sinusoidal signal is a fundamental task in signal processing in many applications such as radar, radio channels, sonar, and others. Since the frequency is the main parameter of the signal, for this reason, it is necessary to accurately detect it for the design of the measurements equipment's more accuracy. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is widely used to analyze sinusoidal signal but it causes the problem of spectral dispersion. To reduce the effect of this problem, time windows are used. It is possible to improve the frequency estimation accuracy by using an appropriate window and an accurate frequency correction formula. A new frequency estimation algorithm based on 3-spectral DFT interpolation lines is proposed. The simulation signal was analyzed and a comparison was made of a number of windows applied to the signal such as Chebyshev, Blackman and Kaiser (β=8), and finally to test the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, a comparison was made with Jain algorithm. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm has a lower frequency estimation error rate. The maximum frequency estimation error was 0.002 for the proposed algorithm while 0.01 for the Jain algorithm, in addition the proposed algorithm has more stable performance and less computational complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an optimization approach to minimize the total operating cost of a low voltage multi-energy microgrid is proposed. The proposed approach includes the operation costs of variety types of conventional distributed generators and the degradation cost of storage battery is taken into account as well. The trading power with the utility grid is possible in the model, where the trading power with main grid is modeled and incorporated with proposed approach. Unit commitment strategy is employed to control the operation of distributed generators, which is taken into account when the problem is formulated. Set of Realistic limiting factors relevant to the operation of components of microgrid are modeled and considered to make the case study close to real scenario. Particle swarm optimization is employed to solve the proposed optimization problem. The proposed approach is applied to the low voltage microgrid including different types of distributed generators, storage battery, and renewable energy. The results show that the drawing and releasing power of the battery are controlled to reduce the total operating cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy resources are a promising energy sources to tackle the climate change and increasing of load demand. The solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy sources. The integration of the photovoltaic panels (PV) with on-grid low voltage (LV) distribution grid changes the power flow and performance of the grid. In this paper, an analysis of power flow and performance of the distribution grid with consideration of PV panels is proposed. open-source distribution system simulator (Open Dss) software is utilized to analyse the power flow of the distribution grid, where the analysis is applied on the connected LV distribution grid which including different types of loads and feeders. The results show that the proposed analysing approach can cope with variable output of the PV panels periodically. The integration of PV generation improves the voltage profile of the buses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles with a pulsed laser using a metallic silver (purity; 99.99%), the targeted metallic silver piece was submerged in a liquid containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The produced nanoparticles were observed with different methods included UV-Vis Spectrometer, Atomic Absorption (AAS) and Electron Microscope (TEM). All peak absorption spectra for the two types of nanoparticles were ranged between 401 and 411 nm whereas nanoparticles size were in the range between 1 and 70 nm. The malignant anti-proliferation activity of nanoparticles was tested on murine mammary gland cancer cell line (AMN3). This activity was with potent inhibitory effect on the cellular proliferation rate of the cells under investigation. The inhibitory action was elevated when both the concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and time of exposure were increased in comparison with the control untreated cells. Staining the cells with crystal violet stain revealed an increase in the level of cellular destruction. The results demonstrated that exposing the malignant cells to the nanomaterial of silver increases the proportion of the cells that undergo mitochondrial membrane disruption and DNA fragmentation and that will result in the induction of apoptosis. These results confirm that PVP-coated AgNPs induces apoptosis and cancer cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]