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Insomnia is inability to maintain or elevate sleep quality at least three times a day, more than three days in a week, or more than three months. One of theories that is explaining insomnia causes focuses on a condition called hyperarousal, which is related to increasing mental, cognitive, and motor activities. This study was applied to create the insomnia model, that zebrafish larvae were exposed to illumination with intensity of 200 lux. There were four phases of light exposure, consist of 12 hours of light with 12 hours of dark, and 18 hours of light with 6 hours of flash. The flash phase group was divided into two groups consist of 2 minutes light on with 2 minutes dark and 4 minutes light on with 1 minute dark. The result showed that the 24-hour treatment, both light and dark cycles, have a lower inactive frequency and a higher distance moved compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anchovies (stolephorus) are one of the preferred food resources for consumption by the people of Indonesia. Since Indonesia is a tropical country, it has very good solar resources for fish preservation by drying method. People generally use traditional methods to dry fish. However, this traditional drying method has many disadvantages, namely it requires a very long time and large area, while the quality of fish decreases due to exposure to dust, flies, and animal disturbances such as cats disturbances. To improve the quality of drying fish and minimize the shortcomings mentioned above, the right dryer is required. The dryers used in this test are flat plate solar collectors and tray dryer type drying racks. Drying is a process of removing water from the product to reach a certain moisture content. This drying process is influenced by temperature, air humidity, and the weather. The drying rack obtains fluid in the form of hot air absorbed by solar collectors. After the solar collector absorbs the sun's heat, the blower will flow this hot fluid to the drying rack. Therefore, the drying process in this test is carried out by forced convection, where the circulation of fluid in the collector and drying rack is assisted by a blower. The product is placed in a drying rack weighing 300 grams each. Testing starts at 10:00 a.m to 2:00 p.m. In the process of drying anchovies using solar collectors and drying racks, a decrease in anchovies' mass by 171 grams was obtained with a final fish moisture content of 43%. As for conventional drying, a decrease in fish mass only by 150 grams with a final fish moisture content still of 50%. From the results of the tests carried out, it can be concluded that drying using solar collectors and drying racks is faster and better than the conventional drying method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Runway is one of the important facilities at the airport, namely as a place to take off and land aircraft. Before the airport manager gives an aircraft operational permit, it must be ensured that the runway has met the pavement strength requirements. The purpose of writing this paper is to analyze the strength of the runway by taking the location of the Ahmad Yani International Airport, Semarang. The analysis was carried out by comparing the Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) and Pavement Classification Number (PCN) values. The ACN value is the required pavement strength index, the value is determined based on the type of aircraft and the bearing capacity of the subgrade. While the PCN value is an index of available pavement strength, the value is calculated using the COMFAA 3.0 application along with its built-in Spreadsheet. The PCN value must meet the ACN so that the aircraft can be granted an operating license at the airport. The data used are annual aircraft movement data, aircraft type and runway pavement technical data. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the ACN value of the Boeing 737-900ER aircraft is 57/F/D/X/U, and the PCN value is 73/F/D/X/U. Thus, the PCN value is higher than the critical aircraft ACN so that the aircraft can be allowed to operate at Ahmad Yani International Airport Semarang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) concrete with a cement replacement percentage of greater than 10% has the potential to minimize the amount of agro-industrial waste sent to landfills. However, silica fume must be added to increase the efficiency of high content POFA concrete in aggressive environments, such as peat land. This paper aims to study the mechanical properties and shrinkage of POFA concrete in peat water with 20% and 40% cement substitutions and extra silica fume. OPC concrete as a control mix, OPC with 10% silica fume (OPC-POFA0), OPC-POFA20, and OPC-POFA40 combined with 10% silica fume were all investigated. The compressive strength and tensile strength of all mixtures submerged in peat water for up to 91 days were examined. Shrinkage was measured for up to 28 days at room temperature. Compressive and tensile strength of PCC-POFA mixtures increased from 7 to 91 days, as shown by the results. Mix PCC-POFA0, which contains 10% silica fume, has the highest strength relative to other mixes. The shrinkage of the PCC-POFA concrete is smaller than that of the PCC control mix. Based on this study, PCC-POFA with a replacement of more than 20% could be used in a peat environment with the inclusion of silica fume in the mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy-based coatings such as Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) are widely used for gas/oil pipelines because they exhibit high chemical resistance, very low permeability to chloride ions, good mechanical flexibility, and strong adhesion to steel. On the pile pipe (>40 inches in diameter), it is challenging to apply the coating due to the ability induction machine to heat the pipe according to the application temperature recommended by the paint manufacturer. In this work, adding 1, 2, 3 % wt 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) was carried out into the epoxy phenol-formaldehyde base mixture, glycidyl ether polymer to accelerate the curing process and lower the application temperature. Thermal analysis was conducted using Differential Scanning Electron (DSC), where the addition of 3% wt 2MI resulted in a maximum decrease to 134.76°C due to activation energy reduction. The addition of 2-MI acts as a catalyst in the curing reaction, as shown in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test results, where 2-MI opens the epoxy ring to increase the curing process. Electrochemical characterization analysis using potentiodynamic polarization shows the maximum corrosion rate is 0.00991 mm/year, and the current density is 0.847µA/cm2, upon addition of 1% wt 2-MI. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) determines the charge transfer resistance and maximum coating capacitor capacitance at the addition of 1%wt 2-MI of 9.9 kΩ and 8.45 x 10−5 F. Cathodic Disbondment Test (CD-Test) results show the disbondment radius of the coating under the influence of the cathodic protection current is 4.32 mm. Moreover, adding a higher concentration of 2-MI reduces the crosslinking density owing to the presence of epoxy-imidazole adducts. The addition of 2-MI did not have a significant effect on the porosity of the coating with low-temperature applications of 170-175oC where all samples reached rate 1 in longitudinal cross-section and the interface between the coating and the steel pipe surface. On top of that, adding 1% wt 2-MI is suitable for low-temperature applications at 170-175°C in piles with excellent coating performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT Tridi Oasis Group is a local recycling company in Indonesia. The main product of Tridi Oasis is plastic flakes that are chopped from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle waste. Plastic sources as raw materials were received from suppliers in public disposal sites or collector stalls. However, not all suppliers have a good performance, which disrupts the production process and their reverse supply chain. Thus, supplier performance will be measured using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework model through a series of questionnaires. The results were then processed and calculated using the Expert Choice software with the Analytical Hierarchy Problem (AHP) method. After the performance appraisal indicators or KPIs were validated, efficient value calculations were conducted using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. From the experiments, it was found that the ranks 1, 2, 3, and 4 were obtained by Supplier A, Supplier C, Supplier E, and Supplier B respectively with efficiency values of 1.00, 0.83, 0.57, and 0.38. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the level of quality of ornamental fish catches from fishermen based on the criteria for the friendliness of fishing gear used by fishermen. This study used the Rank Order Centroid (ROC) method with a weighting criterion value of 0.52 = Good, 0.27 = Moderate, 0.15 = Low, and 0.06 = Very Low. Then classification is carried out using the K-Nearest Neighbor method as a determination of the quality of ornamental fish catches from fishermen. The results showed that from 20 training data which were fishermen who used ornamental fish catches which were then tested with 5 new fishermen data from ornamental fish catches, obtained accuracy or suitability of data both received and rejected from ornamental fish collection companies. This proves that the results of the Centroid Rank Order method and the K-Nearest Neighbor method are much better in determining the quality of ornamental fishing gear used by fishermen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the fluidic oscillator using computational methods. The analysis was carried out in a transient state with the URANS equation. The turbulence model used is k-ω SST. The fluidic oscillator was analyzed by varying the size of the fluidic oscillator by doubling the baseline and reducing its size by half. The analysis was carried out using the magnitude velocity curve to time changes, velocity profiles, and fluid flow contours. Based on the results of the velocity analysis at two points, it can be concluded that the fluidic oscillator can produce an oscillating fluid flow with a maximum velocity of almost eight times the inlet velocity. Meanwhile, the velocity profile in the feedback channel is alternately positive and negative due to the backflow phenomenon. In the mixing chamber, an adverse velocity profile can also be found, indicating the mixing flow's presence. Based on the magnitude velocity analysis results, it can be concluded that changing the dimensions by increasing the size of the fluidic oscillator does not produce significant changes. Meanwhile, the velocity profile on the feedback channel shows a significant change in model 3. The velocity contour shows that at t=4 s, the fluid from fluidic oscillator model 1 has lost its oscillator effect. However, this is not the case with the model 2 and 3 fluidic oscillators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were conducted to determine the flow characteristic of air-water phases in the swirl-type microbubble generator and bubble size distribution on the inside of the tank. Based on the visual observations from the experiment, the air-water phase interaction on the inside and outside of the microbubble generator is different. Thus, the simulation is divided into two sections. The first one is to simulate the continuous-continuous interaction of air-water on the inside of microbubble generator, while the other part is to simulate the continuous-dispersed interaction of air bubbles in water on the inside of the tank. Flow characteristics such as swirl flow and negative pressure was identified on the first part of this study, while the bubble size distribution was determined from the second part of simulation. It is appeared that parameters such as water flow rate and swirl number affect the bubble size distribution produced by microbubble generator. The higher water flow rate will decrease the size of bubble where the peak probability density function (PDF) value is obtained. While higher swirl number result in slimmer and higher PDF. The experimental measurement data on the bubble size distribution was used to validate the numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aerodynamic characteristics of MPV vehicles were studied to obtain comprehensive information. The study was conducted computationally using the RANS equation on the k-ω SST turbulence model. The three vehicles selected in this study are Vauxhall Zafira C Tourer, Volkswagen Touran, and Mazda MPV II 2.3. These vehicles were chosen because they are quite in demand in Indonesia. Each vehicle was analyzed at three different speed variations, namely 20 km/h, 50 km/h, and 100 km/h. This research aims to study the characteristics of the drag coefficient (Cd) of several MPV vehicles. In addition, this study also analyzes the effect of changes in speed on the drag coefficient and its causes. The result of this research is that when viewed from the Cd point of view, the Volkswagen Touran has the smallest drag among the other two vehicles. From the Cd point of view, it can be seen that the Volkswagen Touran has the smallest drag, i.e., 0.75620101 at 20 km/h, 0.782 at 50 km/h, and 0.786 at 100 km/h. It was found that at a speed of 20 km/h, the Volkswagen Touran is still the best because the Cd is small and the power is small at 60,3126 hp. Then at a speed of 50km/h from the point of view of drag and power, the Volkswagen Touran vehicle is superior because the Cd produced is the smallest, and the average power is not much different from each other. At a speed of 100 km/h, the Volkswagen Touran is still superior because of its smallest drag and slightly less power when compared to other vehicles. Overall, when viewed from the Cd and power, the Volkswagen Touran is a superior MPV car because the Cd produced is small, and the power is also efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy crisis does not sound familiar today. Human dependence on conventional energy causes adverse effects such as greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. Developing of new renewable energy as environmentally friendly energy is the solution to this problem. Many breakthroughs have been achieved regarding efficiency in developing new and renewable energy. The efficiency of the turbine blades is one of the most significant breakthroughs in achieving maximum performance. Therefore, this research was conducted as a breakthrough in achieving energy efficiency based on aerodynamic performance of airfoil. The computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method used to investigate the NACA 4415 airfoil with micro-cylinder adding. This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of airfoil with micro-cylinders with predetermined area and diameters. The variations of the micro-cylinder used are the installation of one micro-cylinder and the installation of two micro-cylinders. The Reynolds number used is 3×106 with an AoA variation of 0-30. The installation of micro-cylinders in this study reduces the aerodynamic performance of the NACA 4415 airfoil. The decrease in airfoil performance can be seen in the inhibited increase in Cl airfoil caused by an excessive increase in Cd. The stall on the micro-cylinder installation is also not able to be appropriately inhibited. However, the performance of airfoil with one micro-cylinder began to appear after the airfoil stalled. In which Cl in the airfoil with one micro-cylinder increased by 37.91%. Meanwhile, the Cl airfoil with two micro-cylinders increased by 25.64%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a computational research method with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. The governing equation used in this research is Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) with turbulence model. The type of airfoil used in this research is the NACA 4415 asymmetry airfoil. Airfoil testing is carried out on variations in Angle of Attack (AoA) and leading-edge models. The Angle of Attack tested in this paper is in the range of 0°-25°. The first modification of the airfoil is to make the airfoil's leading edge in the form of a spinner dolphin. The second modification is to shape the airfoil's leading edge like a rough-toothed dolphin. Modifications to the spinner dolphin proved to have better aerodynamic performance than the rough-toothed dolphin, although there was no significant difference. The optimum AoA achieved by the spinner dolphin is AoA = 8°. Based on the baseline comparison, the percentage of drag on the spinner dolphin was reduced by 5.6162. While on the rough-toothed dolphin, it decreased by 4.9116. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Econometric research grows with technological advances. In its most common form today, econometrics involves building a mathematical model, estimating the parameters of that model using data from the real world, and testing the results reliability. This study aims to identify general trends, countries, authors, and keywords related to econometrics and its applications over ten years (2013-2022) using bibliometric techniques. There were 377 articles that were published, and on average, each one has been used 15.54 times. In the past ten years, the number of publications and citations has grown at a rate equal to 10.47% growth per year. Second Bwanakare from the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszw, Poland, is the most productive contributor. The National Bureau of Economic Research in the United States had the most citations. Research on spatial econometrics is the most popular each year, with a peak of 18 papers in 2020. The fact that China is the only country in visualization based on titles and abstracts with VOSviewer shows how prominent research on spatial econometrics in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study will employ the Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) technique to determine the number of clusters to be formed, with the goal of maximizing the number of clusters formed. The method used in this study is k-medoids, which are evaluated using the DBI technique prior to application. The data for this study were obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency's (BPS) official website, which can be accessed at the following URL: https://bps.go.id. The data for this study comes from Indonesia's rice production in 2019-2020, which spans 34 provinces. The data is processed using RapidMiner software version 5.3's Performance feature, specifically the Davies-Bouldin Index technique. To obtain the best cluster results, begin testing from cluster = 2 to cluster = 10. Cluster = 4 has the highest number of cluster formations, with a DBI value of -1.413. Thus, four clusters were formed, with cluster 1 comprising 22 provinces, cluster 2 comprising three provinces, cluster 3 comprising two provinces, and cluster 4 comprising seven provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing communication on social media requires a lot of consideration in adjusting promotional messages based on the intended target segmentation target. In promoting its news products, the online media prfmnews.id carries out a strategy of spreading news website links through broadcast messages on the WhatsApp (WA) application to its target audience. This study describes the effect of promotional messages on Whatsapp social media on audience interest in reading news products. The research method uses a positivist paradigm with a survey method. The survey was conducted on 125 respondents who have criteria as readers of prfmnews.id in West Java and are the target recipients of promotional messages on Whatsapp. To measure the effect, it is determined as an independent variable, namely promotional messages, while the dependent variable is audience interest. The analysis uses simple linear regression analysis by measuring how strong the influence of the x variable on the y variable is. The results showed that the promotional message factor is one of the strong factors in creating interest in reading news in the audience. The results show that 54.1% of the audience's interest in accessing news is influenced by the WhatsApp message promotion variable. While the remaining 45.9% is influenced by other variables. Based on these results, it is concluded that promotion strategies through social media such as WhatsApp can be effectively used by mass media that require audience visits to news sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dividing flow in open-channel is a great contributor to river and drainage management to reduce overflow during period of intense rainfall. The shape of the cross-sectional channel is a crucial feature in the design of the flood-control channel. In the present study, the mathematical model for V-shaped cross-sectional channel is derived to investigate the relationship between the flow rate ratio and various angles of the bifurcation. The general equation governing the division of open channel flow in V-shaped cross-sectional channels is formulated from the principles of momentum and continuity. The ideal geometric and hydraulic properties for V-shaped cross-sectional channels are identified. All the computations and analysis pertaining to the behavior of flow rate ratio are performed using Maple software. Conclusively, the flow rate ratio is lower than the critical flow rate ratio. Hence, it is evident that the presence of the V-shaped channel contributes in several bifurcation angles that effectively prevent the channel from overflowing, except in certain bifurcation angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a composite backward differentiation formula (BDF) is derived for solving stiff ordinary differential equations with initial condition given. In principle, the proposed method is built based on composite time integration methods combining the implicit Euler's method and second order BDF, which are interleaved with interpolation polynomial procedure on intermediate solutions. The performance of the proposed method is validated by solving stiff initial value problems, where the accuracy is compared to the classical BDF in terms of absolute, maximum, and average errors. In conclusion, the composite BDF is a very promising method for solving stiff ordinary differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This solar tree system (STS) is made of low-voltage solar panels and serves as a flexible and modern public infrastructure. Not only as a tourist attraction but also as an innovative energy source technology packed in a visually appealing package. This paper offers a design for a four-piece 500 Wp STS intended to serve as a mobile phone charging station. To account for DC conductors, calculations are performed to determine the capacity of solar panel components, solar charger controllers (SCCs), and batteries. An analysis supported by PVSyst software resulted in a solar panel tilt angle of 13° is selected and its performance tested with various shading ratios in this paper. Each STS contains ten units of 50 Wp, an SCC with a maximum current of 10 A, and three units of 12 V 200 Ah valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries with a conductor cross-sectional area of 1.5 m2. At certain places, the STS can receive annual global irradiation of 1580 kWh/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The watershed that has a critical erosion category that must be handled immediately is the Ngrancah River Basin which is the catchment area of the Sermo Reservoir. In this study, the methods used were USLE and SDR with the help of a Geographic Information System application (ArcGis 10.8). The parameters used in this research are rainfall data from two stations (R), soil type map (K), slope class map (LS), and land use and cover map (CP). The results of the research on estimating the rate of erosion at the Sermo dam are 1,474,542 tons/ha/year. As for the results of the SDR value of 0.04, for sedimentation carrying capacity is 62042 tons/year. Based on these results, the Sermo dam is included in the category of very severe erosion hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further processing immediately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop an online, real-time fluid flow monitoring system for the oil and gas distribution network using the Internet of Things (IoT). The high percentage of leakage from the pipeline network causes significant production loss, environmental pollution, and potential threats to the surrounding communities. By regulating the hydraulic variables, this monitoring system can ensure efficient, safe, and sustainable use of the infrastructure, minimizing losses for the oil and gas company and providing safety guarantees for the community. The proposed IoT-based system can be applied to other industries involving pipeline flow, such as drinking water companies. The results indicate the effectiveness of the system in detecting and predicting pipeline leaks and minimizing production losses. The study's implication is that IoTbased monitoring systems can improve the sustainability, safety, and efficiency of fluid production flows, benefiting the industry, the environment, and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT Pembangkitan Jawa-Bali or commonly abbreviated as PJB, is a subsidiary of PLN which is engaged in power generation. PT PJB was founded in 1995. PT PJB has implemented international standards for good Asset Management, this has been proven by the implementation of ISO 55000 at PT PJB which can reduce costs, improve performance, and reduce existing risks. In this research, the researcher wants to see the variables in the anatomy of the asset management group that have a positive influence on the implementation of asset management practices at PT. PJB. In this research, there are 9 steps from the beginning to end until this research is finished. Below are the research steps: start, problem identification,study of literature, data collection, data processing, data analysisi and discussion, conlusion and finish. The result of the research is Leadership management, Organizational structure, Competence management have a positive and insignificant impact towards organizational culture. Meanwhile Organizational culture has a positive and significant influence towards high performance work practice on the implementation of asset management in PT PJB, but Human resource competence has a positive but insignificant influence towards high performance work practice on the implementation of asset management in PT PJB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the evaluation of Fly Over "X" foundations will be discussed based on analytical and dynamic loading test whether the foundation meets safety criteria or not, and the strengthening of foundation are proposed in this paper. During the construction of Fly Over "X" substructure, it was found that the result of loading test of bore pile foundation in Pier 5 and Pier 18 did not meet the minimum requirements and specification. The loading test was carried out using Pile Driving Analyzer or PDA resulting in the ultimate bearing capacity of Pier 5 and Pier 18 foundation each are 397 Ton and 515 Ton, while the bearing capacity criteria need to meet is 675 Ton. In this paper, analytical and loading test evaluation of Fly Over "X" foundation is presented to determine whether the foundations are able to withstand external loads according to Indonesian Standard. Standard penetration test result also used to determine the allowable bearing capacity and total settlement of foundations. Based on the evaluation result, the foundation at Pier 5 and Pier 18 needs to be strengthened by adding each 12 piles and 16 piles surrounding the existing pile configuration so that the substructure can meet the safety criteria. The placement and construction method of new piles must consider the land availability, traffic management, and bridge clearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground rubber powder (GRP) is a waste material obtained from discarded tires and has been explored as a reinforcement material in polyethylene (PE) composites to improve their mechanical properties. The present study investigates the influence of GRP content and particle size on the properties of PE/GRP composites. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying organic compounds, and several mechanical tests to evaluate the properties. Statistical analysis was conducted through a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the impact of different GRP concentrations on the impact strength within each particle size range. Based on the SEM analysis, the surface of PE exhibits a smooth and homogeneous texture, while the SEM image of the PE/GRP blend reveals a strong interfacial bonding and compatible morphology between the two components. The spectrum of the GRP revealed characteristic vibrations associated with polyisoprene, a major component of tire rubber. In the case of polyethylene PE, bands related to the characteristic vibrations of C-H groups were observed, along with indications of polyethylene degradation through oxidation. These findings contribute to the understanding of the chemical composition and properties of the individual components in the PE/GRP blend. In terms of mechanical properties, the elongation at break (EB) results showed that higher GRP concentrations, particularly at 10%, led to improved elongation values, indicating the reinforcing effect of GRP particles on the PE matrix. The impact strength analysis revealed that the inclusion of GRP particles significantly enhanced the impact strength of the blend. The optimal GRP concentration for maximizing impact strength was found to be 10%. Moreover, statistical analysis through a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the impact strength variations were significantly influenced by the concentration levels of GRP. These findings demonstrate the potential of GRP as a filler material to enhance the flexibility, ductility, and impact resistance of PE blends, expanding their applicability in various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to solve traffic congestion at a U-turn point along Aroeppala Street by analyzing U-turn capacity and developing an appropriate U-turn model. The study involved the collection of primary data from traffic surveys and secondary data, which included research location maps and road capacity guidelines. Traffic volumes were analyzed using the IHCM 2023 guidelines, and U-turn capacity was calculated by the HCM 2000 standards. A planned U-turn model was subsequently simulated using the PTV Vissim. The results revealed that the current level of service on Aroeppala Street is at LoS F, indicating significant congestion. However, by planning alternatives that include dedicated lane design, the level of service would improve to LoS E, suggesting a noticeable enhancement in traffic flow. Further improvement to LoS D can be achieved by combining the dedicated lane design with road widening. Furthermore, analysis for U-Turn capacity using the HCM 2000, with the Raff and Greenshield approaches, showed that the values obtained are not too different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for latex products such as mattresses, latex thread, and rubber gloves has increased significantly over the years, and the latex industry has expanded consistently to make it profitable. The production and consumption of gloves are directly impacted by this rise in demand, which leads to an increase in the amount of used rubber gloves in landfills. The recycling of waste gloves can reveal a challenging environmental and economic issues, and these rejections pose a significant disposal problem worldwide, mainly in developing countries. In this work, waste latex glove powder (WLP) was mixed with polypropylene (PP) to produce a plastic composite using injection moulding machine. The mechanical properties of the samples were characterized with tensile, flexural, hardness and Izod impact test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bricks are the most widely used building material in human history. Compressive and flexural strengths, as well as water absorption, were studied to better understand the behaviour of recycled plastic in brick. This research has also extensively tested the impact resistance of concrete with plastic aggregate. The PET bottles utilised in this investigation are an example of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastic. Because of the challenges associated with recycling PET bottles, none are currently used to manufacture any recycled material locally in Malaysia. This is why we have chosen to develop an innovative way to transform it into a profitable product and tackle the problem of dumping tonnes of plastic garbage. In this experiment, both bituminized and unbituminized samples of PET/sand bricks were created. The samples were also subjected to a flexural test, a water absorption test, and a compressive strength test for further characterization. The results suggest that the 2% bitumen PET/sand bricks have the greatest compressive and flexural strength. All of the PET/sand brick samples evaluated had water absorption rates of less than 20%, indicating that they are of high value and suitable for usage in a variety of 'green' building applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD+) phenomenon has resulted in minimal rainfall in South Sumatra. South Sumatra has extensive peatlands and its conditions are strongly influenced by rainfall. The lack of rainfall causes the groundwater level in peatlands to decrease so that the surface of the peatlands becomes dry and prone to fire. This research was conducted in one of the peatlands in South Sumatra by utilizing data from an integrated in situ measurement system called SESAME. The aim is to study the decrease in rainfall and groundwater level in the peatlands due to the IOD+ phenomenon in 2019. Based on the results of this study, it was found that in the dry season in 2019, rainfall was minimal, namely only 75.6 mm in August and 82 mm in September. Groundwater level also decreased significantly and even reached -1.04 m in October. The speed of decreasing groundwater level is -0.71 cm/day. The results of this study also show that the groundwater level is strongly influenced by rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The price fluctuations of Indonesia's oil and gas illustrate the effort in maintaining energy security through export and import activities in various conditions, both normal and pandemic eras, even at the new normal as it is today. This condition indicates that maritime logistics will always be required to support all types of industrial activities. PT Pertamina International Shipping (PIS) is shown in the maritime supply chain to fulfill domestic and international energy needs. This research is focused on a case of vessel charter services for PIS's client in offering shuttle services for cargo transportation on the Muara Teweh - Refinery Unit V Balikpapan route, with Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) as an optional storage facility. An analysis is carried out by determining freight costs using activity-based costing completed with a transportation schedule simulation to transport the client's cargo. The results show that to minimize the freight cost, Scenario 1 is the best by allocating 1 Self Propelled Oil Barge (SPOB) with a cost of USD126,062.13 while Scenario 2 produces a freight cost of USD174,223.55 per 12,000 bbls per shipment. The operational time including loading, transportation, and unloading processes with 10 shipments in total consumes 284 days with the implication that the client does not require FSO. Therefore, the operational process of cargo transportation will be optimal when the client can maximize the use of its current storage tanks and vessel route using 1 SPOB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image processing is widely used in the medical field, which helps medical teams diagnose diseases patients suffer. Technology used to diagnose conditions such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI. One of the diseases that use X-ray technology to analyze is tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes death worldwide. The Mycobacteria tuberculosis bacillus causes TB. This disease spreads when tuberculosis sufferers release bacteria into the air. Pediatric pulmonary TB has experienced increased mortality rates and has become a challenge in diagnosing and treating it. This study uses edge detection method to analyze X-ray images of pulmonary TB in children, namely conventional edge detection(sobel operator, canny, Prewitt, Robert, zero crossing, LoG) and the development of edge detection named MEMG (Modification and Extended Magnitude Gradient). This research aims to analyze performance comparisons of operators Sobel, canny, Prewitt, Robert, zero crossing, LoG, and MEMG. The analysis to determine quality image visualization of tuberculosis used parameter variables MSE, RMSE, and PSNR for the best results among several edge detection methods. According to the calculation result by MatLab, the best edge detection is obtained with the average values of MSE at 0,37418, the RMSE at 0,6105925, and the PSNR obtained at 52,43185 dB. The importance of MSE and RMSE in the MEMG scheme is lower than the six existing edge detections, providing higher PSNR values and exceeding the standard of 30 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has breathtaking panoramic views of beaches and mountains. One famous tourist destination in West Sumatra is the Harau Valley. In 2017, more than 400,000 tourists visited the Harau Valley, and the number continues to increase yearly. Herota Homestay is one of the lodging businesses that has been operating in the Harau Valley since 2018. Aware of the high tourist opportunities, Herota continues to strive to improve the quality of its services by providing dining services, therefore it is necessary to build restaurant facilities that were previously unavailable. The feasibility study of restaurant investment needs to be studied using engineering economy theory by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV), Interest Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), and Payback Period (PBP). Previously, the customer satisfaction test was carried out using statistical analysis, and the t-test method with the help of SPSS software to analyze the relationship between service quality as the dependent variable and the accuracy of management services, additional services, and breakfast delivery as the independent variables. The results obtained from the t-test show that the accuracy of management service, breakfast delivery, and other services affect the Herota quality of service. Investment in restaurant construction is feasible with a projected profit and loss of IDR238,004,637; NPV of IDR17,834,617; IRR 11.48%; B/C ratio is 1.02, and PBP of 2 years and 11 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Apical leakage is one of the main cause for failure in endodontic treatment. Development of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an obturation material is purposed to minimalize apical leakage in obturation. Objective: This research conducted to find the effects of different apical diameter and different obturation material (MTA and gutta percha-bioceramic sealer) on apical leakage. Materials and Method: 20 lower premolar was selected through inclusion criteria and uniformed to have 17mm of working length. All samples were randomly assigned into 4 different groups which are 40 diameter with GP-BC, 40 diameter with MTA, 80 diameter with GP-BC, and 80 diameter with MTA. All samples were stored in incubator for two weeks after obturation and nail varnish was applied to each sample except the apical part. All samples were immersed in methylene blue for 72 hours and diaphanization procedure carried afterwards. Stereomicroscope was used to measure the penetration of the coloring agent. All data were analyzed with Two-Way ANOVA. Result: There were no significant difference in apical leakage between MTA and GP-BC or between different apical diameter. (p >0.05). Conclusion: Obturation material MTA and GP-BC have the same sealing ability on different apical diameter and therefore have similar apical leakage between the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 'is an event where the increase in sea surface temperature becomes unnatural. Stronger events where the sea surface temperature anomaly becomes large, then this disrupts local fish and bird populations. The ENSO phenomenon also affects rainfall in several parts of Indonesia. In this study, an analysis of the effect of the ENSO phenomenon on rainfall in Pelambang City from 2000 to 2020 was carried out and the correlation between Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) and Rainfall in Palembang City for the last 20 years. ENSO data and rainfall data as well as CDD and rainfall data were analyzed using a simple linear regression method. In addition, a correlation analysis was also carried out between the Niño 3.4 and SOI indices with rainfall at two stations, namely Palembang Climatology Station and Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Meteorological Station to determine how much influence the ENSO phenomenon has on rainfall in the Palembang City area. The results of the analysis show that the effect of ENSO on rainfall at each station in general is almost not influenced by El Niño and La Niña, this is presumably due to the location of Palembang City which is in the Munsonal area. Monsoon areas are characterized by a unimodal type of rainfall (one peak of the rainy season) where in June, July and August the dry season occurs, while December, January and February are wet months. The remaining six months are a transitional or transitional period (three months of transition from the dry season to the rainy season and three months of transition from the rainy season to the dry season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser applications cover various fields in science and technology including physics, chemistry, biology, electronics, and medicine. In this work, the effect of irradiation with two different energies of red diode laser on (2 M) of calcium chloride solution was studied by investigating the optical properties and chemical composition by both UV-visible spectrophotometer and FTIR technique. The effect of the laser on the absorption, transmittance, and reflectivity spectra, as well as its effect on some optical constants and effective groups in the chemical composition of calcium chloride solution, was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia (NH3) is a common air pollutant that can also be used to diagnose kidney disease. Therefore, the development of ammonia gas sensors is critical for health protection. This paper presents a simple method for fabricating an NH3 gas sensor that employs perovskite barium titanate (BaTiO3) as the active sensor material grown on a p-Si (100) silicon substrate. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) based thick films without (Pristine) and with lithium doping (Li-doped) were prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method and deposited on p-Si (100) substrate by spin coating. To study the structure properties of the resulting films, X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. These samples were made into gas sensors and tested under various conditions. At room temperature, the Li-doped film has a 44% higher responsivity for 100 ppm of NH3 than the undoped BaTiO3-based gas sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat transfer in the oceans is thought to be caused by currents that circulate from the equator to high latitudes. The ocean discharges heat into the atmosphere, when the air temperature is lower than the ocean temperature. This paper aimed to study temperature variations in the upper layer of the ocean depending on the currents from the bottom caused by heat release. The results show that in shallow water, the temperature distribution is constant from the surface to the bottom. This is due to a variety of factors, and this layer is referred to as a well-mixed layer. Other forces' influence on currents is ignored; heat release currents are relatively modest, but there is a substantial difference between the surface and seafloor. As a result of the rapid cooling at the surface, numerous plums of water fall to the bottom. It is due to the fact that lower temperatures are heavier than higher temperatures. Because of this heat release, the mixing process was able to release heat in 3 hours of simulation at a maximum depth of 30 meters. Based on these findings, the release of heat due to free convection in the ocean can last for a long period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressure vessel in the processing plant is an important piece of equipment for the petrochemical plant. This equipment has been widely used in process plants for various operations, and all this equipment requires an inspection to prevent accident failures from happening. Nowadays, many companies adopted and used the risk-based inspection (RBI) methodology to manage an inspection at the equipment risk level. This study applied a method based on API 581 to a pressure vessel V−104 Condensate Drum, to provide the RBI risk ranking and a sufficient inspection plan for this equipment. Based on corrosion study analysis, there are two identified damage mechanisms which are internal thinning and external corrosion under insulation. Inspection data were collected during the last shutdown and the result of RBI analysis showed that the equipment has a "medium" risk category on the RBI date and a "medium-high" risk category on the RBI plan date. RBI analysis has recommended carrying out a visual inspection and ultrasonic thickness measurement to address the potential damage mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research emphasizes the application of bio-based nanosilica, which was obtained from rice husk, for the purpose of improving the characteristics of discarded empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers. One of the lignocellulose biomass byproducts from the palm oil industry is EFB fibre, which is typically used as a fuel source in boilers. Lightweight, nonabrasive, and biodegradable characteristics of EFB fibres make them ideal for usage as a reinforcing agent in composite and plastic applications. Unfortunately, the hydrophilic nature of EFB fibre results in weak interfaces because EFB surface and polymer matrix exhibit low interfacial adhesion, which may negatively affect the mechanical characteristics. To remedy this situation, the EFB fibre will be modified via environmental friendly ultrasound assisted alkaline and acrylic acid treatment. The bio-based nanosilica will be introduced during the acrylic acid treatment, in which can further improve the thermo-mechanical properties and control the biodegradability of the composite. The treated EFB fiber was characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and tensile testing. Findings reveal that the impurities on the surface of EFB fibre were washed away after the treatment and impregnation of nanosilica on the surface of EFB fibre were visualised. The results obtained from FTIR confirm that the hemicellulose has been eliminated within the range of 2900-1700 cm−1. Tensile test demonstrates that small amount of bio-based nanosilica improves the mechanical properties by 91.11% as compared to raw EFB fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of the population has created a negative externality to the environmental issues due to the excessive use of fossil-fueled vehicles. To cope with the problems, product innovation especially in the field of transportation has become one of the developments focused in Indonesia. The government of Indonesia together with PT Mobil Anak Bangsa (PT MAB) has developed a new electric vehicle in the form of a Bus Feeder. Bus Feeder is a small scaled electric motorized vehicle that was designed to be used in a rural area in Indonesia with limited and narrow road infrastructure, in that way a proper design of the bus feeder must be concepted accordingly to ensure the comfortability and safety of the passenger and the driver. Furthermore, in designing a bus feeder service, the concept of the bus workstation should consider the human dimension to its surrounding. In that way, this research attempts to use Anthropometric analysis and ergonomic study to find the most suitable measurement in designing bus feeders. The anthropometric data in this study is obtained from the Anthropometric Indonesia database system. The anthropometric data are compared with actual observation data gained from the Transkutaraja public bus service as a benchmarking. Finally, this research suggests 15 anthropometric dimensions that have the biggest correlation to the proportional ergonomic design of the bus feeder. Furthermore, this research proposes a conceptual blueprint design for the bus feeder based on the anthropometrics requirement for the people of Indonesia (mm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study designs a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) model with PID controller based on the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Algorithm, which is simulated to compensate for voltage sag disturbances due to short circuits on the load of the 220 Volt low voltage power system. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control tuned with the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to get the optimal Kp, Ki, and Kd values to get reliable VSI inverter control when voltage sag occurs. The use of the ACO algorithm can optimize the PID parameter value to control the DVR in voltage correction with a final voltage value of 219.7 Volts for 10% and 20% voltage sag. For voltage sag 30% to 50% the final voltage value is 219.5 Volts. Comparison of three test methods, namely DVR without the controller, DVR with PID controller, and DVR-PID ACO when the voltage sag 50% produces a final voltage of 213.6 Volts, 217 Volts, and 219.5 Volts and the THD value is 2 respectively..99%, 1.90%, and 0.60%. In terms of THD improvement, the PID-ACO DVR has a better improvement value than the DVR without a controller or DVR-PID improvement value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radioactive waste arising from nuclear activities must be managed properly. The treated waste packages are then stored in interim storage (IS) facilities. The accumulation of waste packages in IS facility will increase the exposure dose to the workers and the environment, therefore it is necessary to reduce this condition through the clearance or disposal processes. The disposal process requires the selection of prospective locations based on the site criteria to determine the potential location of radioactive waste disposal facilities. The preparation of documents to obtain site criteria is done by looking for open or disclosed and available documents. The geological and non-geological aspects will be carefully considered for the preparation of site criteria. The purpose of this activity is to develop general site criteria for site determination activities in selecting prospective radioactive waste disposal sites in Indonesia in the future. Preferred site candidates can be obtained using the exclusion and comparison/investigation criteria. The site criteria compiled can be useful for future activities for Indonesia's radioactive waste facilities in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A government-owned building, after being functional, must be guarded with proper maintenance techniques. To realize a building that is safe and in good condition, all elements of the building system need to be organized through maintenance work. Maintenance is very important and must be done regularly to support the optimal performance of the building's usefulness. The priority scale for the maintenance of district government assets must be done. There are several alternative ways that can be done in determining the priority of maintaining the government-owned building. Expert Choice application is an alternative choice of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This application can help determine decision making in prioritizing maintenance activities of government-owned office buildings. The research is located in Subang Regency, West Java. The research was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020. The study was conducted using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process) method of the Expert Choice application model. This model can describe several problem criteria that describe a structured and systematic hierarchy of building maintenance. The results of the alternative analysis of the AHP method using the Expert Choice application show that overall the structural components of an office building in Subang Regency are in good condition. The solution is obtained by using the AHP method, the Expert Choice application model. Maintenance activities are more precisely targeted because the results of data collection are more accurate so that the priority scale can be carried out according to planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palm oil industry produces liquid, gaseous and solid waste. The waste that causes the most problems is liquid waste because every ton of fresh fruit bunches processed can produce about 60% of liquid waste compared to the total other waste. The research objective is to have a comprehensive impact on the environmental, financial, and technical aspects of the wastewater treatment plant. The research was conducted at PT. Hindoli (A Cargill Company), PulauRimau District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra on weekdays (Monday-Saturday). The research method uses a system purposive technique. Secondary data comes from literature study, ANDAL PT. Hindoli, land maps, administrative maps and field photos. The results showed that the wastewater treatment process was carried out to reduce the content of chemical compounds in wastewater. The total area of the WWTP is 10 hectares with a retention time in the wastewater treatment pond for 134 days for a production of 60 tons / hour. The land change analysis shows that the oil palm plantation and mill areas under study are in good and medium land suitability zones. The form of land change is a transition from plantation forest to oil palm plantations. The solution to the technical problems of a wastewater treatment plant is to use a centrifugal pump, the embankment must be covered with concrete, periodic dredging with an excavator or using the Micro-Lift bacteria to speed up the breakdown of sludge. The land change analysis shows that the oil palm plantation and mill areas under study are in good and medium land suitability zones. The form of land change is a transition from plantation forest to oil palm plantations. The solution to the technical problems of a wastewater treatment plant is to use a centrifugal pump, the embankment must be covered with concrete, periodic dredging with an excavator or using the Micro-Lift bacteria to accelerate the breakdown of sludge. The land change analysis shows that the oil palm plantation and mill areas under study are in good and medium land suitability zones. The form of land change is a transition from plantation forest to oil palm plantations. The solution to the technical problems of a wastewater treatment plant is to use a centrifugal pump, the embankment must be covered with concrete, periodic dredging with an excavator or using the Micro-Lift bacteria to speed up the breakdown of sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effect of phytase in ration containing eggshell powder on the performances of native chickens. This study was designed using one-way ANOVA of the CRD method, consisting of 3 treatments, each consisting of 4 replications of 3 native chickens. R0: basal ration; R1: basal ration+phytase from L. Plantarum A1-E; and R2: basal ration + commercial phytase. The variables observed were feed consumption, gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and blood cholesterol content. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and if there were differences, a DMRT further test was carried out. Phytase supplementation significantly affected (p<0.05) daily feed consumption. FCR was not affected by treatments. No significant differences in blood cholesterol levels were observed among the treatments, being R0=110.93 ± 63.63, R1=86.90 ± 15.65, and R2=101.95 ± 31.70 mg/dL in RO, R1, and R2, respectively. It was concluded that supplementation of phytase at a dose of 500 FTU/kg in a ration containing eggshell powder did not affect the performances of native chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic factors that limit plant growth and survival. However, drought stress treatment can increase the synthesis of plant bioactive compounds, especially in medicinal plants like Phyllanthus niruri. The research aim was to assess the effects of drought stress on the growth response, phenolics, and flavonoid content of P. niruri. P. niruri was subjected to drought stress for various field capacities (FC) (Control, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 55%). The result showed that all observed variables are significantly different, while chlorophyll content is not entirely different. Proline content increased by 85%FC but decreased by 80%FC. The highest total fresh weight and total dry weight were shown at 85%FC but were not significantly different from 80%FC to 70%FC. These findings demonstrate that P. niruri can survive by maintaining biomass weight even after exposure to 70% FC. 80%FC treatments showed higher total flavonoids, phenols, and yield than other treatments and controls. Entire flavonoid content strongly correlated with total phenol content, with a correlation value of 0.93. The chlorophyll content is also strongly associated with total flavonoid and phenol content of 0.51 and 0.68, respectively. Proline content is negatively correlated with total flavonoid and phenol content, indicating that higher exposure to drought stress is expected to reduce the accumulation of flavonoids and phenols. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 80% FC and 70% FC treatment are expected to increase yield, total flavonoid, and phenol content. Thus, it must be optimized for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia is inability to maintain or elevate sleep quality at least three times a day, more than three days in a week, or more than three months. One of theories that is explaining insomnia causes focuses on a condition called hyperarousal, which is related to increasing mental, cognitive, and motor activities. This study was applied to create the insomnia model, that zebrafish larvae were exposed to ilumination with intensity of 200 lux. There were four phases of light exposure, consist of 12 hours of light with 12 hours of dark, and 18 hours of light with 6 hours of flash. The flash phase group was divided into two groups consit of 2 minutes light on with 2 minutes dark and 4 minutes light on with 1 minute dark. The result showed that the 24-hour treatment, both light and dark cycles, have a lower inactive frequency and a higher distance moved compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]