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The purpose of this research is to compare the results of utilising the manual approach vs STAAD Pro to assess and design a roof for a circular water tank that is lying on the ground. Two groups were compared using a t-test based on an independent sample. Both groups, 1 (the control) and 2 (the experimental) each have 9 samples total (STAAD Pro). Using G power of 50 and alpha of 0.05, we were able to acquire an accurate sample size of 18. Manual and STAAD Pro were used for the analysis and design. Shear stress, bending moment (BM), and deflection were all tested using an independent t-test, and the results indicated no statistically significant differences between the groups (p-values of 0.25, 0.88, and 0.20, respectively; p>0.05). Since p>0.05, it may be inferred that there are no statistically significant differences between the manual and STAAD pro approaches to design. With less work, STAAD Pro produces outcomes that are on par with those of a solution developed in accordance with the requirements of the IS code. Thus, STAAD Pro is an effective tool for modelling, analysing, and designing lightweight buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are innumerable methods for solving continuous beams, including the slope and deflection method, the moment distribution method, the flexibility matrix method, and the stiffness matrix method. Each method has its own identity. The final results of all four methods are shear force, bending moment, slope, and deflection. Even if all approaches yield the same result. The issue now is the time duration of those methods. One assessment should take approximately over thirty minutes to complete. Another issue is that the entire analysis will be repeated even if only one parameter is changed. Computer-based analysis is the best solution to all of these problems. Python is a computer programming language that has recently gained popularity due to its syntax simplicity. The code can be executed as soon as it is written in this case. A four-span continuous beam will be analyzed using Python in this paper, and the results will be compared to the conventional stiffness method. Initially, inputs are sent to Python using finite element procedures. The analysis is performed with Numpy, and the results are printed. Numpy is a Python library that is capable of performing all mathematical analysis, particularly on arrays and matrices. The analysis in this paper is carried out using Google colab as a plot form and Numpy as a tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper comparison of shear force and bending moment of T beam deck slab having longitudinal girder and cross girder is done using courbon's method (manual analysis) and grillage model (using staad pro). Construction stage wise grillage model is prepared in staad pro. Bridge having carriage widths of 7.5 m have two types of live load as per IRC 6 i.e. Class 70R (W) and Class A-2 lanes. Static check of grillage model is compared with manual calculation having 0% difference. For dead load, shear force and bending moment of girder difference using manual calculation and grillage model comes out to be 0.64% and 2%. In manual calculation the reaction factor of an individual girder is calculated using courbon's method and multiplied with maximum bending moment. In live load calculation, for Class 70R (W), difference in bending moment for girder A, girder B and girder C comes out to be 26.45%, 4.78% and 28.66% but total moment difference is 0.05% while for Class A-2 lanes), difference in bending moment for girder A, girder B and girder C comes out to be 21.57%, 9.92% and 16.53% but total moment difference is 0.7%. So, from the result it can be seen that the total design moment of the girder comes out to be nearer using both the method while the girder wise difference in bending moment is found to be higher for outer girder and lower for inner girder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridge construction design on this design used a prestressed PCI concrete I-Girder. The span of bridge was 40 m which is consist of 3 spans with total length for 120 m. The calculation of the analysis for the structure depends on the structural type. For this design, the bridge was assumed to be indeterminate static which the bridge reactions are more than 3. The internal forces of I-Girder consist of shear forces and bending moment which can be get by simulate the bridges loading that related to the bridge structure. The software for designing the bridge structures and obtained the internal forces value are using SAP 2000 software and manual calculation method. The internal forces data was obtained by calculating the girder structure using manual calculation and analyze using SAP2000 software and be compared by the values. The internal forces is taken at 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m span of girder to be compared the difference value of manual calculation and software analysis using regression line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper a program THINWALLRES is explained to obtain the elastic and plastic resistance of thin walled HVH sections under many combinations of the internal forces: axial force N, shear forces Vz and Vy, bending moments My and Mz, bimoment B, warping torsional moment Tw (= Mxw) and Saint Venant torsional moment Tt (= Mxs). The program THINWALLRES can at the moment solve various HVH-sections (H – Horizontal upper flange, V – Vertical web, H – Horizontal bottom flange), i.e. I-sections and H-sections that can be monosymmetrical, channel sections and Z-sections. The background of the theory is briefly explained. The results provided by the program are the elastic normal stresses, shear stresses and von Mises stresses due to any combinations of eight internal forces. The plastic stress distribution under given internal forces, plastic factor and up to ten different interaction diagrams combinations may be obtained with THINWALLRES. The results in the form of diagrams are helpful in the safe and economic design of metal (steel and aluminium) thinwalled members of the Classes 1, 2 and 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper a program THINWALLRES is explained to obtain the elastic and plastic resistance of thin walled HVH sections under many combinations of the internal forces: axial force N, shear forces Vz and Vy, bending moments My and Mz, bimoment B, warping torsional moment Tw (= Mxw) and Saint Venant torsional moment Tt (= Mxs). The program THINWALLRES can at the moment solve various HVH-sections (H – Horizontal upper flange, V – Vertical web, H – Horizontal bottom flange), i.e. I-sections and H-sections that can be monosymmetrical, channel sections and Z-sections. The background of the theory is briefly explained. The results provided by the program are the elastic normal stresses, shear stresses and von Mises stresses due to any combinations of eight internal forces. The plastic stress distribution under given internal forces, plastic factor and up to ten different interaction diagrams combinations may be obtained with THINWALLRES. The results in the form of diagrams are helpful in the safe and economic design of metal (steel and aluminium) thinwalled members of the Classes 1, 2 and 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of flexural behavior of RC beam is accomplished by using Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed in software called MATLAB.MATLAB is algorithmic software that will be used to simulate the problem statement using an algorithm. MATLAB is a high-performance numerical computation and visualisation software package. Shear force diagrams and bending moment diagrams are more necessary to analyse beam because they serve as the foundation for studying beams developed stresses and deflections. MATLAB is a powerful and flexible tool for computational and graphic analysis that can be used as convenient software for beam analysis by generating shear force diagrams and bending moment diagrams for any type of beam based on loading and support conditions. In this current study, Graphical User Interface (GUI) in MATLAB has been built to generate and assess SF diagram and BM diagram for simply supported beam packed with point load and uniformly distributed load. This study is also concerned with conducting non-linear finite element analysis on reinforced concrete beam by developing MATLAB code to find stress distribution, damage behavior and load displacement response. The GUI in MATLAB code is used to develop a quick and efficient method of analysing the reinforced concrete beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piles in offshore structures are vulnerable to lateral loads induced by high wind effects in coastal regions in addition to axial loads from the dead weight of the structure itself. Earthquakes are another source of lateral loads on piles in structures like bridges, dams, and high-to moderate-rise buildings. This study addresses the effect of soil properties around the pile on the structural design criteria (bending moments, shear forces, displacements, and lateral earth pressure) in the piles under combined effect of axial and lateral loads. Two soil types were considered in this study; clay and sand with different stiffnesses for each. The study revealed that the maximum bending moment and maximum shear force induced within the pile sections increases as the soil stiffness increases for both of sand and clay soils. The study revealed that piles embedded in clayey soils exhibits an average higher buckling capacity than in sandy soils. The buckling load in clayey soil surpassed that of the sandy soil by a factor of 20. The study has also incorporated determination of the buckling loads for piles embedded in clayey and sandy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the dynamic calculations of the elements of the box-shaped structure of buildings for seismic resistance, taking into account the spatial work of the box elements under the action of dynamic influences set by the movement of their lower part according to the sinusoidal law. The equations of motion are given for each of the plate and beam elements of the box-shaped structure of the building based on the Kirchhoff-Love theory. Expressions are given for the forces, moments, and stresses of the plate elements that equalize the movement of the box elements and the boundary conditions and the conditions for full contact in terms of displacements and force factors in the contact zones of plate and beam elements. The general solution of the problem is constructed by the decomposition method of the movement of the box elements according to their own forms using the method of finite differences. The calculation results were obtained in the form of diagrams over the height of the box of bending moments, plate elements working in bending, and shear stresses of plate elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-engineered steel structure systems are pre-designed and prefabricated in the pre-engineered building concept. The present construction method requires the best architectural beauty, excellent construction quality and speed, cost-effectiveness, and a creative touch. Pre-engineered steel buildings, for example, should be explored as an alternative building system. A Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) is a new concept that entails using a steel framework and optimizing the design while maintaining economic integrity. STAAD Pro will be used to analyze, design, and detail PEB structures with different loads in different regions. The applied load vs. deflection response, shear force & bending moment intensities, and stress concentration of pre-engineered building systems were used to evaluate the behavior of the structure. The tube cross section and Indian Standard Medium Weight Beam 350 of PEB for both column and rafter sections must be determined during the design stage. The optimization of PEB shall be presented in the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to compare and contrast the utilization of Rectangular hollow section and Tapered section for a multiple-bay industrial construction. The many comparison fields primarily demonstrate cost absorption, time consumption, structural weight, and economy of both portions. The shear force and bending moment are computed in this analysis. In Visakhapatnam, a model with a height of 8 meters, a roof angle of 5.71 degrees, and bay spacing of 7.4 meters was chosen, and a comparison was made between a Rectangular hollow section and a Tapered section with the same size of building. Finally, the results reveal that tapered sections are more cost effective than the RHS. The structural weight of the RHS and tapered sections without crane is less than the RHS and taper section with crane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study floating wind turbine combined with a wave energy converter is analysed deriving both wind and wave energy, and thus ensuring continuous supply of energy. The study combines a submerged tension leg platform (STLP) with heaving type point absorber wave energy converter (WEC). Submerged tension leg platform is stable in both transportation phase and operational phase. The point absorber WEC has a floater system having diameter smaller than the incident wave length. The floater tends to oscillate in one or more degrees of freedom (DOF) and absorbs energy by damping the floater motion and converting it into electrical energy. The study combines STLP floater with six wave energy converters in circular pattern. The time domain simulation is performed for the combined platform configuration using fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation tool FAST developed by NREL for different mooring line configuration. The analysis is performed to study the responses (surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, yaw) for the combined configuration for wind and wave load conditions corresponding to North Atlantic Ocean. The tower base bending moment, shear force and the tension developed on the mooring lines of the combined platform is analysed along with the responses of the floating combined energy platform. The study performed is expected to provide an insight into the dynamic motions and structural integrity of the floating wind and wave concept under different survival conditions helping the designers to develop better design standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a static analysis of Indian Railway track is presented. The track is considered to be a beam on elastic foundation of Winkler type. The Winkler type foundation is presented here in two ways: Continuous and discrete support form. Indian Rail profile R60 data are applied to obtain analytical and numerical results. The governing differential equation and finite element formulation of the beam is taken into the account. Two loading pattern is considered: single point load of 98 KN corresponding to a single wheel and two pairs of wheel loads of same magnitude at each of the contact point. The results obtained from the two formulation provide track displacement, bending moment and shear force variation in an around the contact region. These results for track displacement are simultaneously compared with those obtained from Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory. The analysis indicate discrete elastic support assumption offer closer matching with experimental results available in literature than those from continuous elastic support condition. This study can be viewed as a foundation for future dynamic and vibration analysis of the track. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi story Reinforced concrete cement Structure exposed to hazardous earthquakes. It was discovered that main reason behind failure of RC building is irregular distribution of mass, stiffness and strength or because of irregular geometrical arrangements. In reality, many existing structures contain irregularity because of useful and stylish prerequisites. However, past earthquake records show the poor seismic behaviour of this structure. The contextual analysis right now stresses onauxiliary conduct of multi-story working for various arrangement shapes like rectangular shape, H, U, L and plus shape. Demonstrating of 12-stories reinforced concrete frame structure is done on the ETABS programming for analysis. Post analysis of the structure of bending moments, maximum storey displacement and maximum shear force are computed and then compared for all the analysis result cases. For analysis of the structure response spectrum analysis is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary situation shows that the influence of soil structural interface (SSI) might be adverse to the seismic reaction of structure and abandoning soil structural interface in the analysis may lead to a risky strategy. Although this, the customary design procedure usually involves a postulation of the fixed condition at the base of foundation avoiding the flexibility of the base of the structure, the contractibility of soil mass and as a result, the effects of foundation settlement on additional rearrange of bending moment and shear force demands. The effects of SSI are examined for G+15 story vertical irregularity high-rise RC building resting on a raft foundation. Two methods are used to evaluate the target MRF RC building: Equivalent Static Load Method (ESLM), Response Spectrum Method (RCM). To acquire the statistical result by using SSI modal situation are those consistent to fixed-base support condition and the ultimate response of story shear, story displacement, and story drift are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in order to determine the effect of trench width (Bd) on the behavior of buried rigid pipes, a concrete pipe having an outside diameter of 150 cm and wall thickness (t) of 15 cm was analyzed using 2D PLAXIS finite element program. In the analyses, three different trench widths (Bd = 2.20 m, 3.40 m, and 4.40 m) were modeled. The results of the analyses indicated that, as the width of the trench increases, the axial force, shear force, bending moment, effective normal stress, and the earth load acting on the pipe increased. The variations of the loads acting on the pipe due to the increasing trench widths were also evaluated using the Marston load theory. When the loads calculated by the Marston Load Theory and the finite element analysis were compared with each other, it was seen that the Marston Load Theory resulted in slightly higher load values than the finite element analysis. On the other hand, for the two methods, the loads acting on the pipe increased with increasing trench width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]