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Composite materials are considered in engineering applications for its light weight and high strength. The desired properties are achieved in composite materials by properly selecting matrix and reinforcing elements. In the proposed study, the complete analysis of composite fabricated with Kevlar49 fibres of 12 Lamina fabricated by vacuum bag moulding technique for a thickness of 3mm. The Kevlar49 fibers are aligned by Bi-directional method, (0° and 90° angle). Similarly, the hybrid composite of kevlar49/glass are prepared in a same method. Kevlar49 fibres are 6 lamina and glass fibres are 6 laminae. These composites are prepared in the square plate shape. The Fabrication of the specimens is successfully completed and tensile test has been performed under ASTM standards. The specimens are tested in across and longitudinal direction. The Kevlar49 composite and kevlar49/glass hybrid composite results are compared and discussed in this work. The results show kevlar49 composite is high strength compared Kevlar49/glass hybrid composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parts made from phenolic molding compounds reinforced with glass fibers have a good heat resistance, a high dimensional accuracy, and an excellent chemical resistance. However, these parts typically have a low elongation at break and a low impact toughness. Conventional glass fiber-reinforced phenolic molding compounds have an average fiber length which is below the critical fiber length for this material combination. To increase the fiber length in the molded parts, a new injection molding process was developed, which allows the direct feeding of long glass fibers into the plasticizing unit of the injection molding machine. For opening and dispersing long fiber bundles, a thermoset-specific screw mixing element was developed and compared to the conventional conveying screw geometry. The process stability was quantified by analyzing the plasticizing work and injection work. Despite the increased fiber shortening when using the mixing element, the dynamical mechanical properties were improved compared to the standard conveying screw geometry, which is attributed to the better fiber-matrix homogenization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research was to compare the behavior of conventional concrete with the same concrete, but containing glass fibers. Ordinary concrete was adopted with mixing ratios (1:2.25:3) taken as a typical mixture from one of the ready-mix concrete factories, then 4 mixtures were made with different cement ratios, where the amount of cement was reduced and replaced with glass fibers, while keeping the weights of sand and coarse aggregate unchanged. The same water cement ratio (W/C) was used for all five mixtures. The results showed an improvement in the compressive strength of the concrete when using a certain limit of fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials are one type of materials, which reinforced by particles, fabrics or plates of another type. They consist of fibers and materials that keep these fibers known as a matrix that improves the stiffness of the composites, these fibers are widely used to strengthen polymeric. In this paper, the mechanical properties of Kevlar/glass fiber hybrid composite laminate with nanoparticles will be studied. Composite laminates with an epoxy matrix reinforced with twill Kevlar weaved fiber and plain glass was woven fiber. Three different types of composite laminates were manufactured, polymer composite with nanoparticles (AL2O3), polymer composite with glass fiber, and polymer composite with glass fiber and Kevlar. The effect of Kevlar/glass fiber content on the mechanical properties are studied such as hardness, tensile, and impact. The results indicated that hybridization of Kevlar fiber to glass fiber with nanoparticles improved the hardness values, impact energy absorbed, and tensile strength of fibers that were spun with Kevlar fibers and of composite laminates with nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite substance known as fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is created by combining cement, mortar, or concrete with the proper fibres that are discontinuous, distinct, and evenly distributed. Concrete's static and dynamic properties would be much enhanced and would function as a crack arrester with the inclusion of small, closely spaced, uniformly scattered fibres. High-performance concrete is a kind of high-strength concrete that is used in a variety of projects and contains materials with compressive strengths greater than 60 MPa. This work replaces 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of AR Glass fibre and corrugated steel fibre with mass cement to make concrete more durable. For varying percentages of glass fibre (GF) and steel fibre (SF). the mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength, are assessed at different ages of 3, 7, and 28 days, respectively. In the test, 1% steel fibre exhibited the highest compressive strength compared to the other steel and glass fibre percentages. The flexural strength increases when both fibres' fibre content rises to 1.5%. The flexural strength increases to 37.7% and 49% with inclusions of 1.5% glass fibre and 0.5% steel fibre, respectively. The split tensile strength rises to 35.2% and 42.5%, respectively, with each 1% increase in glass or steel fibre content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was carried out to determine the impact of fiber length on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced foamed concrete. The flexural strength was evaluated on almost 54 beam specimens with dimensions of 40 mm x 40 mm x 160 mm, as well as the compressive strength of 162 cubic specimens using two separate testing standards. Two different types of fiber were used to prepare specimens (fiberglass, steel fiber). Three fiber lengths (25 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm) were used, fiber to cement ratio was 4%, water curing conditions were adopted in this experiment. All the specimens were tested using the targeted dry density of (1160–1180 kg/m3). The different types of fiber increased the flexural capacity of the beams, but the specimens reinforced with (25 mm fiberglass) gave the highest flexural strength (2.1 Mpa). The compressive strength also had increased during different curing days, while using steel fiber (50 mm) gave the highest compressive strength (10.95 Mpa). However, 4% of (25mm) fiberglass is the optimum volume that should be included to contribute to the maximal flexural strength of foamed concrete. In addition, 4% of 50 mm steel fiber is an optimum volume that should be included to contribute to the maximal compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential use of short and long fibers blends in a concrete may enhance the properties at micro and macro scale of composite. The idea of combining the short length and long length fibers with different volume proportions to form Graded Fibers. It would aid in the prevention of micro and macro cracks, enhancing concrete's pre- and post-peak performance. The effect of adding Graded Glass Fibers with varying fibre lengths and volume fractions to Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete is investigated in this work. The tests were carried out using M40 concrete with a 0.20 percent fibre volume. It contains Single length Glass fiber in Mono Fiber form (150 µm, 6 mm length and 20 mm length fiber), short length Glass fiber in Graded form (150 µm Micro length Glass fiber+6 mm SLGF) and LLGF in Graded form (150 µm Micro length Glass fiber+6 mm SLGF+20 mm LLGF). This study found that Graded GFRC had a greater post-peak energy absorption capacity than Mono Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S-Glass fiber composite has steady and regular epoxy resin substance with SiO2Nano particles and high grating element. This composite is layered unidirectional S-Glass fiber (0˚/90˚/0˚/90˚) stacked up into a composite at 1:1 ratio of Fiber and Matrix volumes and 0% wt. of Nano, 0.5% wt. of Nano and 1% wt. of Nano SiO2 Particles added to the Epoxy. The investigational characterization of S-Glass Fiber/Epoxy with SiO2 Nano-particles composite material and its conduct is essentially important for time of mechanical properties data for examination, plan and production of supplementary parts. Also, the experimental information can be adequately implied sharpen and have imperative repercussions for ideal blueprint of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many researchers are interested in hybrid composites because they have the huge potential to be used as a reinforcement phase for composites. This is mostly owing to the benefits they provide, which include low density, inexpensive, renewable, biodegradable and ecological safety, as well as enhanced mechanical properties. Banana fiber (BF), glass fiber (GF) and Cloisite 93 nano clay hybrid composite laminates were fabricated in this work by combining hand lay-up and hydraulic compression moulding methods with polyester resin. The various mechanical tests such as tensile test, flexural text, and impact test, specimens were cut from the prefabricated laminate as per ASTM standard. The nano filled hybrid composites showed a considerable rise in tensile strength, due to alkali treatment of banana fiber, glass fiber (GFBF) with polyester resin hybrid composite laminates has better mechanical properties. As a result, the hybrid composite material's mechanical characteristics have greatly enhanced. The enhanced performance of these hybrid composites is used in a variety of technical applications like automotive sectors, processing industries and space sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite material plays a vital role in the field of mechanical properties and strengthening materials. These materials possess an excellent weight to strength ratio and have outstanding mechanical properties with which the replacement of metal materials can be compromised with adaptive composite materials. In this research, glass fibers are fabricated into composite material with aluminum and graphite powder support. The development of poly-fibers has brought about the essential need materially to improve the performance of properties of reinforced fibered material. The epoxy mixed composite plates are fabricated with matrix and additives which the mechanical properties are tested. The fiber-reinforced polymer composite material is cut using ASTM standard and tested using devices, and this paper discusses mechanical properties. Composite materials are the materials that posse's good mechanical properties by adding different materials into a single composite material. According to the ASTM standards, the specimens were prepared with the glass fiber epoxy laminates with Aluminum powder and graphite powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites have found new applications in variety of fields. Better combinations of light weight, superior wear resistance and amazing mechanical properties have ascribed to their employments in divergent engineering segments. Dry sliding wear characteristic of GFRP composite with various weight rate of silicon carbide (SiC) filler have been examined with this display work. The impact of sliding velocity and load applied on dry sliding wear characteristics has been examined in this work. The results shows that specific wear rate of silicon carbide loaded GFRP composites increases with respect to increase in velocity of sliding and the load applied. This helps us to create composite materials with progressed tribological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main components of the braking system of the train is a brake block. Its function is to decrease the speed of the train. The coefficient of friction is the important characteristic of the brake block. This study purpose to determine the frictional characteristics of composite brake blocks with phenolic resin as a matrix and a mixture of cantala fiber, E-glass, and rock wool fibers as reinforcement. The fabrication process by mixing powder materials, namely MoS2, CaCO3, graphite, cashew dust, nitrile butadiene rubber, and phenolic resin for 5 minutes; then mixing cantala fibers, E-glass, and rock wool for 3 minutes. The specimen of composite brake blocks were manufactured by hot molding at a pressure of 30 MPa and a temperature of 160°C for 10 minutes. The hot molded specimens were post curred at a temperature of 30-140°C for 1 hour and 140-180°C for 6 hours. The friction test was performed by using a brake dynamometer with sliding speed variation of 3, 6, 9, and 12 m/s and contact pressure variation of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 MPa. The results show that the friction coefficient of hybrid composites was affected by sliding speed and contact pressure of friction testing. The friction coefficient of the hybrid composite brake block varied from 0.18 to 0.42 and the best alternative composition was obtained at the composition of reinforcement fiber of 5% cantala fiber, 10% E-glass fiber, and 5% rockwool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was shown that loading with carbon and glass fibers results in increasing mechanical properties of polyimide (PI) based composites. Upon annealing and subsequent treatment of the fibers with a silane-coupling agent the tensile strength of the composites increased compared to loading with the unmodified fillers. The ultimate reason was increasing degree of interphase adhesion. It was shown that loading with carbon and glass fibers increased wear resistance of the composites. When testing over a ceramic counterpart, the wearing of the composites was slightly evident. In this regard, one can recommend application of these composites to operate in friction units in ceramic-polymer tribological conjugations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced plastic composites (FRP) with a thermoplastic matrix are becoming increasingly important as they allow for a bunch of subsequent processing like overmolding, welding and forming into another shape. Thereby, high loads can be well transferred by continuous fibers in the appropriate load direction. That makes continuous fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix extremely attractive for lightweight applications. The in-situ pultrusion probably provides the greatest potential of high-quality pultrudates with a maximum fiber volume content due to the excellent impregnation of the fibers by the low viscous reactive monomer melt based on ε-caprolactam. However, the quality of the pultrudates is significantly influenced by the polymerization to polyamide 6 (PA6) in the pultrusion die. Hence, the process parameters like the fiber preheating temperature and haul-off speed are investigated in terms of polymerization and mechanical properties of the profiles. In order to adjust the fiber temperature, a fiber preheating system using hot air is developed. Mechanical and chemical analyzes of produced tubular profiles comprising glass fibers show better mechanical properties with an increased fiber preheating temperature. A reduction in haul-off speed clearly decreases the residual oligomer content of the profiles which is determined by extraction. Due to the advantageous results using the developed fiber preheating, the existing state of the art of in-situ pultrusion should be extended in reference to the equipment technique by a fiber preheating as a standard component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In composite materials, Glass fibers are predominant load carrying members compared with other fibers. Especially impact load resistivity, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are good in glass fibers, which turned glass fibers as most usable fibers in emerging engineering applications. Even though, lot positives in glass fibers, still a place for research, which are fiber orientational study, various mixtures implementations, reduce the delamination, etc. In this paper also deals the comparative orientational study of glass fibers by using advanced simulation, in which the same repeated angles are only selected as fiber oriented angle. ANSYS based structural tools are predominantly contributes a huge in the structural simulations and material optimization under tensile loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer matrix composite is mostly used as main material of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) structure. The composite material that is usually used is polymer matrix composite using glass or carbon fiber with epoxy or polyester resin. E-glass, carbon, and aramid are the fibers that widely used in composite because of their high stiffness and strength, and they are lightweight. Therefore, in this study, the authors conducted a study of the mechanical properties of E-glass composite materials. We use E-glass fiber ±45°, this E-glass is woven type with fiber direction -45° and +45°. This E-glass will be tied with Lycal resin and epoxy. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanical properties material such as tensile strength and stiffness of a composite material of E-glass fiber ±45° with Lycal resin and epoxy resin. Composite was compared between Lycal and epoxy ones. We manufactured the composite E-glass fiber ±45º/Lycal and E-glass fiber ±45º/epoxy with hand lay-up method, the cut specimen geometry refer to ASTM D3039 for tensile standard test. Tensile test was conducted with Tensilon Universal Testing Machine – AND RTF-2410 with a 100kN load cell, specimen shape and size according to standard size ASTMD 3039. The result shown that the matrix had an effect on tensile strengths of composite samples. The tensile strength of E-glass fiber ±45º/epoxy composite is 65.43 MPa, while the tensile strength of E-glass fiber ±45º/Lycal composite is 49.94 MPa, so that E-glass fiber ±45º/epoxy composite is stronger than E-glass fiber ±45º/Lycal composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems related to the recycle of conventional composite materials are becoming always more relevant for many industrial fields. Natural fiber composites (NFC) have recently gained much attention due to their low cost, environmental gains (eco-compatibility), easy disposal, reduction in volatile organic emissions, and their potential to compete with glass fiber composites (GFC). Interest in natural fibers is not only based over ecological aspects. NFC have good mechanical performances in relation to their low specific weight and low price. A characterization of mechanical properties, dynamic behavior, and moisture absorption is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present research was to investigate the replacement of glass fibers with hemp fibers for applications in the piping industry. The choice of hemp fibers was mainly related to the needs, expressed by some companies operating in this sector, for cost reduction without adversely reducing the performances of the pipes. Two processing techniques, namely hand lay up and light RTM, were evaluated. The pipe selected for the study was a curved fitting (90°) flanged at both ends. The fitting must withstand an internal pressure of 10 bar and the presence of acid aqueous solutions. The original lay-up used to build the pipe is a sequence of C-glass, glass mats and glass fabric. Commercial epoxy vinyl ester resin was used as thermoset matrix. Hemp fibers mats were selected as potential substitute of glass fibers mats because of their low cost and ready availability from different commercial sources. The data obtained from the mechanical characterization were used to define a favorable design of the pipe using hemp mats as internal layer. The proposed design for the fittings allowed for a cost reduction of about 24% and a weight saving of about 23% without any drawback in terms of the final performances. The light RTM techniques was developed on purpose for the manufacturing of the curved pipe. The comparison between hand lay up and light RTM evidenced a substantial cost reduction when light RTM was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]