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In this paper, Aactivation of 3D printed PLA/Carbon with through electroplating at various voltages is investigated. The activated electrode was employed with water electrolysis to determine the reactivity for the hydrogen production. The objectives are to activate 3D printed PLA with nickel promoter, investigate the effect of voltage on the electrode morphology and evaluate the electrocatalytic reactivity. The electrodes were designed by using Solidwork and printed by using Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printer. Electrodeposition was conducted by using different voltages to decorate the electrodes with metallic promoters in order to activate them for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at the cathode. The morphology of the plated electrode electrodeposition was observed by using optical microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The activated electrode reactivity was then evaluated by employing electrocatalysis, i.e., hydrogen evolution reaction. The electrode plated with Ni at 15V for 60 minutes produced the highest amount of hydrogen gas compared to other. However, further investigation by prolonging the time for 5V electroplating process showed higher hydrogen gas production compared to 15V 60 minutes electroplated electrode. Low voltage resulted in good more uniform nickel coating, while high voltage caused the coating to be peeled off as observed by scanning electron microscope & optical microscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major aim of this study is to compare the power generation of carbon felt electrode and carbon paper electrode operated Microbial fuel cells (MFC) using restaurant wastewater. Restaurant wastewater samples were collected from MFC with carbon felt electrode (N=13) and carbon paper electrode (N=13) operated for 10 days (G power 80%). Voltage was measured using a multimeter and current, power, power density was calculated from it for both groups. The Power generation was found to be high in MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (410 mW/m2) due to its active surface area, strong conductivity, and good biocompatibility compared to carbon paper electrode (121 mW/m2). The independent sample T-test was done which showed that the power generation of MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (p<0.001) found to be significantly higher compared with MFC operated with carbon paper electrode. The study shows that carbon felt electrode operated MFC is able to achieve higher power generation compared to carbon paper electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the electrochemical aspects of the adhesion of Micrococcus luteus 1-I on platinum, glassy carbon and carbon-paste electrodes with different surface properties. With the help of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, equivalent circuits havebeen compiled that characterize the capacitive characteristics of the phase interfaces. A direct relationship between the capacitanceof the electric double layer and the specific surface area of the electrodes is shown. It has been shown that, on the whole, the capacitance of the electrical double layer Cdl decreases in the presence of M. luteus 1-I. Based on the data obtained, an assumption was made about the effect of cell sorption on the electrode surface area S and the thickness of the electrical double layer. The results agree well with theoretical data and are statistically significant. All of these factors may indicate the adhesion of M. luteus 1-I on the selected electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on wastewater treatment using carbon electrode electrodegradation method has been done. This research aimed to find the optimum conditions i.e. electrolyte concentration, current, and pH in order to degrade pigment yellow 83 dyes contained in screen printing industries wastewater and to determine the quality of post-treatment water after electrolysis. Here we used the electrolysis method with a metal electrode. The research results showed that the treatment of synthetic wastewater and the screen printing wastewater was respectively 99.78 and 98.97% effective under the obtained optimum conditions i.e. at 0.5M NaCl, pH 1, and 5 Volt. Furthermore, the quality of the post-treatment water was pH 1 from 8.6 initially, COD 170.4 mg/L from 284.8 mg/L (40% declined) and TSS 2060 mg/L from 6694 mg/L (69.22%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon electrodes have been fabricated with the cross-linking methods at 120oC, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder and citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent. The carbon electrodes have been analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the bound between PVA and citric acid of these electrodes have been analyzed as well. The surface and structural properties, as well as the electrochemical behaviors of the prepared electrode, were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance of the carbon electrode and the desalination efficiency of the capacitive deionization (CDI) cell were achieved 15.7 F/g and 49.15%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion-exchange membrane technology has shown a great potential to enhance the desalting efficiency. Ion-exchange membranes are placed in front of the electrodes so that the charged ions can be selectively passed through the membrane layer and captured by the oppositely charged electrode more quickly, so as to increase the efficiency of desalination. In this research, carbon electrodes have been synthesized from an activated carbon (700 - 1400 m2/g) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder using freezing thawing method. A solution with 180 μS/cm NaCl was pumped to the capacitive deionization (CDI) cell using a Boyu Submersible pump (model SP-601) at a flow rate of 25 mL/min and the voltage was set at 2 V. The result showed that the CDI cell with ion-exchange membrane (MCDI) has the salt removal efficiency greater than the CDI cell without ion-exchange membrane. The salt-removal percentage of MCDI was achieved at 66.36%, meanwhile the CDI cell without ion-exchange membrane resulted in 54.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon electrodes prepared with freezing thawing method for desalination purpose has been synthesized and characterized. The carbon electrodes were prepared with an activated carbon (700 - 1400 m2/g) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder using freezing thawing method with 3 and 4 cycles (1 cycle is 12 hours for freezing and 12 hours for thawing). Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to analyze their electrochemical properties. The main study was to measure the salt-removal of 180 μS/cm NaCl, MgCl and KCl using a capacitive deionization (CDI) unit cell with five pairs of carbon electrodes. The applied potential of 2.0 V and a flow rate of 25 mL/min were used to desalination tests, the result showed that the salt-removal percentage of KCl solution has greater than NaCl and MgCl. The highest value for the salt-removal of NaCl, KCl and MgCl can be achieved for the freezing thawing method with 4 cycles. The salt-removal percentage of KCl was achieved at 64.10% whilst resulted in 54.30 and 54.47 % for NaCl and MgCl, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon electrodes for desalination purpose have been successfully synthesized using activated carbon powder (BET surface area = 700 - 1400 m²/g), carbon black and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder by cross-linking method with glutaric acid (GA) at 120 °C. The electrochemical properties of the carbon electrodes were analyzed using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) whilst the physical properties were observed with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). In order to assess the desalting performance, salt removal experiments were performed by constructing a capacitive deionization unit cell with five pairs of carbon electrodes. For each pair consisted of two parallel carbon electrodes separated by a spacer. Desalination and regeneration processes were also observed in the salt-removal experiments. The salt-removal experiments were carried out in single-pass mode using a solution with 0.1 M NaCl at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. A voltage of 3 V was applied to the cell for 60 minutes for both processes in desalination and regeneration. The result showed that the percentage value of the salt-removal was achieved at 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]