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OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between osteocalcin (OC) and the risk of incident diabetes and the risk of incident diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We followed 5,396 participants without diabetes (nondiabetes subcohort) and 1,174 participants with diabetes and normal kidney function (diabetes subcohort) at baseline. Logistic regression and modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of baseline OC levels with incident diabetes and DKD. RESULTS During a mean 4.6-year follow-up period, 296 cases of incident diabetes and 184 cases of incident DKD were identified. In the nondiabetes subcohort, higher OC levels were linearly associated with a decreased risk of diabetes (RR for 1-unit increase of loge-transformed OC 0.51 [95% CI 0.35–0.76]; RR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.65 [95% CI 0.44–0.95]; P for trend < 0.05). In the diabetes subcohort, OC levels were linearly inversely associated with incident DKD (RR for 1-unit increase of loge-transformed OC 0.49 [95% CI 0.33–0.74]; RR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.56 [95% CI 0.38–0.83]; P for trend < 0.05), even independent of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. No significant interactions between OC and various subgroups on incident diabetes or DKD were observed. CONCLUSIONS Lower OC levels were associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes and DKD.

Background: The relationship between subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is still not well described due to the fact that SFA has two aspects; it can buffer energy surplus and also reflect obesity severity. Methods: 3967 subjects, from baseline survey data of the Shanghai Nicheng Cohort Study, were analyzed. Thigh subcutaneous fat area (TSFA), abdominal subcutaneous fat area (ASFA), and visceral fat area (VFA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. TSFA% and ASFA% were calculated as the ratio of TSFA and ASFA to the sum of VFA, ASFA, and TSFA, respectively and reflects the propensity to store energy in a given location. Diagnosis of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM) as well as assessments of insulin sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance and ISI0,120 [GUTT]), and β-cell function (early-, first- and second-phase disposition indices) were made based on an oral glucose tolerance test. Results: Compared to those without DM, TSFA%, ASFA%, and VFA% in men and women with NDM were 0.25 versus 0.21, 0.39 versus 0.38, and 0.36 versus 0.41; and 0.37 versus 0.32, 0.38 versus 0.37, and 0.26 versus 0.31, respectively. Before and after adjustment for potential confounding factors, each 1-SD increase in TSFA% was associated with a 37-47% and a 34-39% decreased likelihood of NDM in Chinese men and women, respectively (both P Conclusion: TSFA% reflects the propensity to store energy in subcutaneous fat which is associated with a lower risk of NDM and better β-cell function in both genders. Disclosure X. Hou: None. P. Chen: None. L. Wei: None. Y. Bao: None. W. Jia: None.

OBJECTIVE Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a hormone secreted from the small intestine, has recently been shown to stimulate glycogen synthesis and inhibit gluconeogenesis through insulin-independent pathways. This study investigated the change of FGF19 in prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explored the association of serum FGF19 levels with parameters of glucose metabolism in Chinese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting serum FGF19 levels were determined by ELISA in 81 normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 91 impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 93 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 104 newly diagnosed T2DM subjects, and their association with parameters of glucose metabolism was studied. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed in subjects with NGT, IFG, and T2DM. Serum FGF19 levels at 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in the different glucose tolerance categories were studied in a subgroup. RESULTS Fasting serum FGF19 levels in subjects with IFG (210 pg/mL [142–327]) (median [interquartile range]) and T2DM (196 pg/mL [137–280]) were significantly lower than those in NGT subjects (289 pg/mL [224–393]) (both P < 0.001). However, no significant difference in fasting FGF19 levels was observed between IGT (246 pg/mL [138–379]) and NGT subjects. Fasting serum FGF19 levels were negatively associated with fasting plasma glucose and independently associated with the deterioration of glucometabolic status from NGT to IFG and T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Fasting serum FGF19 levels were decreased in Chinese subjects with IFG and inversely associated with fasting glucose levels.