23 results on '"Kaplan, Robert C"'
Search Results
2. Serum Metabolomics of Incident Diabetes and Glycemic Changes in a Population With High Diabetes Burden: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
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Chai, Jin Choul, primary, Chen, Guo-Chong, primary, Yu, Bing, primary, Xing, Jiaqian, primary, Li, Jun, primary, Khambaty, Tasneem, primary, Perreira, Krista M., primary, Perera, Marisa J, primary, Vidot, Denise C., primary, Castaneda, Sheila F., primary, Selvin, Elizabeth, primary, Rebholz, Casey M., primary, Daviglus, Martha L., primary, Cai, Jianwen, primary, Horn, Linda Van, primary, Isasi, Carmen R, primary, Sun, Qi, primary, Hawkins, Meredith, primary, Xue, Xiaonan, primary, Boerwinkle, Eric, primary, Kaplan, Robert C., primary, and Qi, Qibin, primary
- Published
- 2022
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3. Obesity Partially Mediates the Diabetogenic Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol
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Wu, Peitao, primary, Moon, Jee-Young, additional, Daghlas, Iyas, additional, Franco, Giulianini, additional, Porneala, Bianca C., additional, Ahmadizar, Fariba, additional, Richardson, Tom G., additional, Isaksen, Jonas L., additional, Hindy, Georgy, additional, Yao, Jie, additional, Sitlani, Colleen M., additional, Raffield, Laura M., additional, Yanek, Lisa R., additional, Feitosa, Mary F., additional, Cuadrat, Rafael R.C., additional, Qi, Qibin, additional, Arfan Ikram, M., additional, Ellervik, Christina, additional, Ericson, Ulrika, additional, Goodarzi, Mark O., additional, Brody, Jennifer A., additional, Lange, Leslie, additional, Mercader, Josep M., additional, Vaidya, Dhananjay, additional, An, Ping, additional, Schulze, Matthias B., additional, Masana, Lluis, additional, Ghanbari, Mohsen, additional, Olesen, Morten S., additional, Cai, Jianwen, additional, Guo, Xiuqing, additional, Floyd, James S., additional, Jäger, Susanne, additional, Province, Michael A., additional, Kalyani, Rita R., additional, Psaty, Bruce M., additional, Orho-Melander, Marju, additional, Ridker, Paul M., additional, Kanters, Jørgen K., additional, Uitterlinden, Andre, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, Gill, Dipender, additional, Kaplan, Robert C., additional, Kavousi, Maryam, additional, Raghavan, Sridharan, additional, Chasman, Daniel I., additional, Rotter, Jerome I., additional, Meigs, James B., additional, Florez, Jose C., additional, Dupuis, Josée, additional, Liu, Ching-Ti, additional, and Merino, Jordi, additional
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- 2021
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4. Body Fat Distribution, Cardiometabolic Traits, and Risk of Major Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women
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Chen, Guo-Chong, primary, Arthur, Rhonda, primary, Kamensky, Victor, primary, Chai, Jin Choul, primary, Yu, Bing, primary, Shadyab, Aladdin H., primary, Allison, Matthew, primary, Sun, Yangbo, primary, Saquib, Nazmus, primary, Wild, Robert A, primary, Bao, Wei, primary, Dannenberg, Andrew J., primary, Rohan, Thomas E., primary, Kaplan, Robert C., primary, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, primary, and Qi, Qibin, primary
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- 2021
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5. Determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women in the U.S. the women's health initiative 1993-2009
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Ma, Yunsheng, Hebert, James R., Manson, Joann E., Balasubramanian, Raji, Liu, Simin, Lamonte, Michael J., Bird, Chloe E., Ockene, Judith K., Qiao, Yongxia, Olendzki, Barbara, Schneider, Kristin L., Rosal, Milagros C., Sepavich, Deidre M., Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Stefanick, Marcia L., Phillips, Lawrence S., Ockene, Ira S., Kaplan, Robert C., Sarto, Gloria E., Garcia, Lorena, and Howard, Barbara V.
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Women -- Health aspects ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Postmenopausal women ,Diabetes -- Risk factors ,Health - Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To examine determinants of racial/ethnic differences in diabetes incidence among postmenopansal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data on race/ethnicity, baseline diabetes prevalence, and incident diabetes [...]
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- 2012
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6. Insulin-like growth factor axis and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
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Rajpathak, Swapnil N., He, Meian, Sun, Qi, Kaplan, Robert C., Muzumdar, Radhika, Rohan, Thomas E., Gunter, Marc J., Pollak, Michael, Kim, Mimi, Pessin, Jeffrey E., Beasley, Jeannette, Wylie-Rosett, Judith, Hu, Frank B., and Strickler, Howard D.
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Type 2 diabetes -- Risk factors -- Research ,Growth factors -- Research -- Physiological aspects ,Health - Abstract
IGF-I shares structural homology and in vitro metabolic activity with insulin. Laboratory models suggest that IGF-I and its binding proteins IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 have potentially beneficial effects on diabetes risk, whereas IGFBP-3 may have adverse effects. We therefore conducted a prospective nested case-control investigation of incident diabetes (n = 742 case subjects matched 1:1 to control subjects) and its associations with IGF-axis protein levels in the Nurses' Health Study, a cohort of middle-aged women. The median time to diabetes was 9 years. Statistical analyses were adjusted for multiple risk factors, including insulin and C-reactive protein. Diabetes risk was fivefold lower among women with baseline IGFBP-2 levels in the top versus bottom quintile (odds ratio [[OR].sub.q5-q1] = 0.17 [95% CI 0.08-0.35]; P trend < 0.0001) and was also negatively associated with IGFBP-1 levels ([OR.sub.q5-q1] = 0.37 [0.180.73]; P trend = 0.0009). IGFBP-3 was positively associated with diabetes ([OR.sub.q5-q1] = 2.05 [1.20-3.51]; P trend = 0.002). Diabetes was not associated with total IGF-I levels, but free IGF-I and diabetes had a significant association that varied (P interaction = 0.003) by insulin levels above the median ([OR.sub.q5-q1] = 0.48 [0.26-0.90]; P trend = 0.0001) versus below the median ([OR.sub.q5-q1] = 2.52 [1.056.06]; P trend < 0.05). Thus, this prospective study found strong associations of incident diabetes with baseline levels of three IGFBPs and free IGF-I, consistent with hypotheses that the IGF axis might influence diabetes risk. Diabetes 61:2248-2254, 2012, Increasing evidence suggests that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis may play a role in glucose homeostasis (1). IGF-I shares structural homology and downstream signaling pathways with insulin, and like [...]
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- 2012
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7. Body Fat Distribution, Cardiometabolic Traits, and Risk of Major Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women.
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Guo-Chong Chen, Arthur, Rhonda, Kamensky, Victor, Jin Choul Chai, Bing Yu, Shadyab, Aladdin H., Allison, Matthew, Yangbo Sun, Saquib, Nazmus, Wild, Robert A., Wei Bao, Dannenberg, Andrew J., Rohan, Thomas E., Kaplan, Robert C., Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Qibin Qi, Chen, Guo-Chong, Chai, Jin Choul, Yu, Bing, and Sun, Yangbo
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FAT ,ARTERIAL diseases ,POSTMENOPAUSE ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,WAIST circumference ,DYSLIPIDEMIA ,INSULIN resistance ,EXTREMITIES (Anatomy) ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,BODY mass index ,ADIPOSE tissues - Abstract
Objective: To assess the relationship between body fat distribution and incident lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD).Research Design and Methods: We included 155,925 postmenopausal women with anthropometric measures from the Women's Health Initiative who had no known LEAD at recruitment. A subset of 10,894 participants had body composition data quantified by DXA. Incident cases of symptomatic LEAD were ascertained and adjudicated through medical record review.Results: We identified 1,152 incident cases of LEAD during a median 18.8 years follow-up. After multivariable adjustment and mutual adjustment, waist and hip circumferences were positively and inversely associated with risk of LEAD, respectively (both P-trend < 0.0001). In a subset (n = 22,561) where various cardiometabolic biomarkers were quantified, a similar positive association of waist circumference with risk of LEAD was eliminated after adjustment for diabetes and HOMA of insulin resistance (P-trend = 0.89), whereas hip circumference remained inversely associated with the risk after adjustment for major cardiometabolic traits (P-trend = 0.0031). In the DXA subset, higher trunk fat (P-trend = 0.0081) and higher leg fat (P-trend < 0.0001) were associated with higher and lower risk of LEAD, respectively. Further adjustment for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure diminished the association for trunk fat (P-trend = 0.49), yet the inverse association for leg fat persisted (P-trend = 0.0082).Conclusions: Among U.S. postmenopausal women, a positive association of upper-body fat with risk of LEAD appeared to be attributable to traditional risk factors, especially insulin resistance. Lower-body fat was inversely associated with risk of LEAD beyond known risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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8. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Blood Disorder–Related Variants Influencing Hemoglobin A1c With Implications for Glycemic Status in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos
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Moon, Jee-Young, primary, Louie, Tin L., additional, Jain, Deepti, additional, Sofer, Tamar, additional, Schurmann, Claudia, additional, Below, Jennifer E., additional, Lai, Chao-Qiang, additional, Aviles-Santa, M. Larissa, additional, Talavera, Gregory A., additional, Smith, Caren E., additional, Petty, Lauren E., additional, Bottinger, Erwin P., additional, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, additional, Taylor, Kent D., additional, Daviglus, Martha L., additional, Cai, Jianwen, additional, Wang, Tao, additional, Tucker, Katherine L., additional, Ordovás, José M., additional, Hanis, Craig L., additional, Loos, Ruth J.F., additional, Schneiderman, Neil, additional, Rotter, Jerome I., additional, Kaplan, Robert C., additional, and Qi, Qibin, additional
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- 2019
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9. Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Genetic Predisposition to Obesity in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
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Moon, Jee-Young, primary, Wang, Tao, additional, Sofer, Tamar, additional, North, Kari E., additional, Isasi, Carmen R., additional, Cai, Jianwen, additional, Gellman, Marc D., additional, Moncrieft, Ashley E., additional, Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela, additional, Argos, Maria, additional, Kaplan, Robert C., additional, and Qi, Qibin, additional
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- 2017
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10. Hispanics/Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes Have Functional and Symptomatic Pulmonary Impairment Mirroring Kidney Microangiopathy: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
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Klein, Oana L., primary, Aviles-Santa, Larissa, additional, Cai, Jianwen, additional, Collard, Harold R., additional, Kanaya, Alka M., additional, Kaplan, Robert C., additional, Kinney, Gregory L., additional, Mendes, Eliana, additional, Smith, Lewis, additional, Talavera, Gregory, additional, Wu, Donghong, additional, and Daviglus, Martha, additional
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- 2016
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11. Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Genetic Predisposition to Obesity in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
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Jee-Young Moon, Tao Wang, Sofer, Tamar, North, Kari E., Isasi, Carmen R., Jianwen Cai, Gellman, Marc D., Moncrieft, Ashley E., Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela, Argos, Maria, Kaplan, Robert C., Qibin Qi, Moon, Jee-Young, Wang, Tao, Cai, Jianwen, and Qi, Qibin
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OBESITY genetics ,PHYSICAL activity ,OBESITY risk factors ,SEDENTARY behavior ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,BODY mass index ,ADIPOSE tissues ,HUMAN body composition ,DISEASE susceptibility ,EXERCISE ,HISPANIC Americans ,OBESITY ,RESEARCH funding ,SEDENTARY lifestyles - Abstract
Studies using self-reported data suggest a gene-physical activity interaction on obesity, yet the influence of sedentary behavior, distinct from a lack of physical activity, on genetic associations with obesity remains unclear. We analyzed interactions of accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and time spent sedentary with genetic variants on obesity among 9,645 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. An overall genetic risk score (GRS), a central nervous system (CNS)-related GRS, and a non-CNS-related GRS were calculated based on 97 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic association with BMI was stronger in individuals with lower MVPA (first tertile) versus higher MVPA (third tertile) (β = 0.78 kg/m2 [SE, 0.10 kg/m2] vs. 0.39 kg/m2 [0.09 kg/m2] per SD increment of GRS; Pinteraction = 0.005), and in those with more time spent sedentary (third tertile) versus less time spent sedentary (first tertile) (β = 0.73 kg/m2 [SE, 0.10 kg/m2] vs. 0.44 kg/m2 [0.09 kg/m2]; Pinteraction = 0.006). Similar significant interaction patterns were observed for obesity risk, body fat mass, fat percentage, fat mass index, and waist circumference, but not for fat-free mass. The CNS-related GRS, but not the non-CNS-related GRS, showed significant interactions with MVPA and sedentary behavior, with effects on BMI and other adiposity traits. Our data suggest that both increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior may attenuate genetic associations with obesity, although the independence of these interaction effects needs to be investigated further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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12. Sleep Disturbances and Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
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Strand, Linn Beate, primary, Carnethon, Mercedes, additional, Biggs, Mary Lou, additional, Djoussé, Luc, additional, Kaplan, Robert C., additional, Siscovick, David S., additional, Robbins, John A., additional, Redline, Susan, additional, Patel, Sanjay R., additional, Janszky, Imre, additional, and Mukamal, Kenneth J., additional
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- 2015
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13. Dietary Intake, FTO Genetic Variants, and Adiposity: A Combined Analysis of Over 16,000 Children and Adolescents
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Qi, Qibin, primary, Downer, Mary K., additional, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., additional, Taal, H. Rob, additional, Barton, Sheila J., additional, Ntalla, Ioanna, additional, Standl, Marie, additional, Boraska, Vesna, additional, Huikari, Ville, additional, Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C., additional, Körner, Antje, additional, Lakka, Timo A., additional, Liu, Gaifen, additional, Magnusson, Jessica, additional, Okuda, Masayuki, additional, Raitakari, Olli, additional, Richmond, Rebecca, additional, Scott, Robert A., additional, Bailey, Mark E.S., additional, Scheuermann, Kathrin, additional, Holloway, John W., additional, Inskip, Hazel, additional, Isasi, Carmen R., additional, Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, additional, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., additional, Laitinen, Jaana, additional, Lindi, Virpi, additional, Melén, Erik, additional, Pitsiladis, Yannis, additional, Pitkänen, Niina, additional, Snieder, Harold, additional, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, Timpson, Nicholas J., additional, Wang, Tao, additional, Yuji, Hinoda, additional, Zeggini, Eleftheria, additional, Dedoussis, George V., additional, Kaplan, Robert C., additional, Wylie-Rosett, Judith, additional, Loos, Ruth J.F., additional, Hu, Frank B., additional, and Qi, Lu, additional
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- 2015
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14. Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Hispanic/Latino Individuals: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
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Qibin Qi, Stilp, Adrienne M., Sofer, Tamar, Jee-Young Moon, Hidalgo, Bertha, Szpiro, Adam A., Tao Wang, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Xiuqing Guo, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Taylor, Kent D., Aviles-Santa, M. Larissa, Papanicolaou, George, Pankow, James S., Schneiderman, Neil, Laurie, Cathy C., Rotter, Jerome I., Kaplan, Robert C., Qi, Qibin, and Moon, Jee-Young
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GENOMES ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,OVERWEIGHT persons ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,DIABETES ,TYPE 2 diabetes complications ,OBESITY complications ,BLACK people ,DISEASE susceptibility ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,GENETIC techniques ,HISPANIC Americans ,MEMBRANE proteins ,PROTEINS ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK assessment ,CASE-control method ,HAPLOTYPES ,SEQUENCE analysis ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been conducted in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds who are disproportionately affected by diabetes. We conducted a GWAS in 2,499 T2D case subjects and 5,247 control subjects from six Hispanic/Latino background groups in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Our GWAS identified two known loci (TCF7L2 and KCNQ1) reaching genome-wide significance levels. Conditional analysis on known index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated an additional independent signal at KCNQ1, represented by an African ancestry-specific variant, rs1049549 (odds ratio 1.49 [95% CI 1.27-1.75]). This association was consistent across Hispanic/Latino background groups and replicated in the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium. Among 80 previously known index SNPs at T2D loci, 66 SNPs showed consistency with the reported direction of associations and 14 SNPs significantly generalized to the HCHS/SOL. A genetic risk score based on these 80 index SNPs was significantly associated with T2D (odds ratio 1.07 [1.06-1.09] per risk allele), with a stronger effect observed in nonobese than in obese individuals. Our study identified a novel independent signal suggesting an African ancestry-specific allele at KCNQ1 for T2D. Associations between previously identified loci and T2D were generally shown in a large cohort of U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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15. Prevalence of Diabetes Among Hispanics/Latinos From Diverse Backgrounds: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
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Schneiderman, Neil, primary, Llabre, Maria, additional, Cowie, Catherine C., additional, Barnhart, Janice, additional, Carnethon, Mercedes, additional, Gallo, Linda C., additional, Giachello, Aida L., additional, Heiss, Gerardo, additional, Kaplan, Robert C., additional, LaVange, Lisa M., additional, Teng, Yanping, additional, Villa-Caballero, Leonel, additional, and Avilés-Santa, M. Larissa, additional
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- 2014
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16. Sleep Disturbances and Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.
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Beate Strand, Linn, Carnethon, Mercedes, Biggs, Mary Lou, Djoussé, Luc, Kaplan, Robert C., Siscovick, David S., Robbins, John A., Redline, Susan, Patel, Sanjay R., Janszky, Imre, Mukamal, Kenneth J., and Strand, Linn Beate
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GLUCOSE metabolism ,SLEEP apnea syndromes in old age ,PEOPLE with diabetes ,SNORING ,INSOMNIACS ,GLUCOSE tolerance tests ,BLOOD sugar ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,FASTING ,INSOMNIA ,INSULIN ,INSULIN resistance ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,SLEEP apnea syndromes ,DISEASE incidence ,CROSS-sectional method ,METABOLISM - Abstract
Objective: We examined the associations of symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which was defined as loud snoring, stopping breathing for a while during sleep, and daytime sleepiness, and insomnia with glucose metabolism and incident type 2 diabetes in older adults.Research Design and Methods: Between 1989 and 1993, the Cardiovascular Health Study recruited 5,888 participants ≥65 years of age from four U.S. communities. Participants reported SDB and insomnia symptoms yearly through 1989-1994. In 1989-1990, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, from which insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were estimated. Fasting glucose levels were measured in 1989-1990 and again in 1992-1993, 1994-1995, 1996-1997, and 1998-1999, and medication use was ascertained yearly. We determined the cross-sectional associations of sleep symptoms with fasting glucose levels, 2-h glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion using generalized estimated equations and linear regression models. We determined the associations of updated and averaged sleep symptoms with incident diabetes in Cox proportional hazards models. We adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history.Results: Observed apnea, snoring, and daytime sleepiness were associated with higher fasting glucose levels, higher 2-h glucose levels, lower insulin sensitivity, and higher insulin secretion. The risk of the development of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with observed apnea (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84 [95% CI 1.19-2.86]), snoring (HR 1.27 [95% CI 0.95-1.71]), and daytime sleepiness (HR 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.12]). In contrast, we did not find consistent associations between insomnia symptoms and glucose metabolism or incident type 2 diabetes.Conclusions: Easily collected symptoms of SDB are strongly associated with insulin resistance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in older adults. Monitoring glucose metabolism in such patients may prove useful in identifying candidates for lifestyle or pharmacological therapy. Further studies are needed to determine whether insomnia symptoms affect the risk of diabetes in younger adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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17. Determinants of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Incidence of Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women in the U.S.
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YUNSHENG MA, HÉBERT, JAMES R., MANSON, JOANN E., BALASUBRAMANIAN, RAJI, LIU, SIMIN, LAMONTE, MICHAEL J., BIRD, CHLOE E., OCKENE, JUDITH K., YONGXIA QIAO, OLENDZKI, BARBARA, SCHNEIDER, KRISTIN L., ROSAL, MILAGROS C., SEPAVICH, DEIDRE M., WACTAWSKI-WENDE, JEAN, STEFANICK, MARCIA L., PHILLIPS, LAWRENCE S., OCKENE, IRA S., KAPLAN, ROBERT C., SARTO, GLORIA E., and GARCIA, LORENA
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POSTMENOPAUSE ,DIABETES in women ,ETHNIC groups ,DISEASES & society ,DISEASES in women - Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To examine determinants of racial/ethnic differences in diabetes incidence among postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data on race/ethnicity, baseline diabetes prevalence, and incident diabetes were obtained from 158,833 women recruited from 1993-1998 and followed through August 2009. The relationship between race/ethnicity, other potential risk factors, and the risk of incident diabetes was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models from which hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were computed. RESULTS--Participants were aged 63 years on average at baseline. The racial/ethnic distribution was 84.1% non-Hispanic white, 9.2% non-Hispanic black, 4.1% Hispanic, and 2.6% Asian. After an average of 10.4 years of follow-up, compared with whites and adjusting for potential confounders, the HRs for incident diabetes were 1.55 for blacks (95% CI 1.47-1.63), 1.67 for Hispanics (1.54-1.81), and 1.86 for Asians (1.68-2.06).Whites, blacks, and Hispanics with all factors (i.e., weight, physical activity, dietary quality, and smoking) in the low-risk category had 60, 69, and 63% lower risk for incident diabetes. Although contributions of different risk factors varied slightly by race/ethnicity, most findings were similar across groups, and women who had both a healthy weight and were in the highest tertile of physical activity had less than one-third the risk of diabetes compared with obese and inactive women. CONCLUSIONS--Despite large racial/ethnic differences in diabetes incidence, most variability could be attributed to lifestyle factors. Our findings show that the majority of diabetes cases are preventable, and risk reduction strategies can be effectively applied to all racial/ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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18. Postmenopausal estrogens and risk of myocardial infarction in diabetic women.
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Kaplan, Robert C., Heckbert, Susan R., Weiss, Noel S., Wahl, Patricia W., Smith, Nicholas L., Newton, Katherine M., Psaty, Bruce M., Kaplan, R C, Heckbert, S R, Weiss, N S, Wahl, P W, Smith, N L, Newton, K M, and Psaty, B M
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- 1998
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19. Serum Metabolomics of Incident Diabetes and Glycemic Changes in a Population With High Diabetes Burden: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
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Chai JC, Chen GC, Yu B, Xing J, Li J, Khambaty T, Perreira KM, Perera MJ, Vidot DC, Castaneda SF, Selvin E, Rebholz CM, Daviglus ML, Cai J, Van Horn L, Isasi CR, Sun Q, Hawkins M, Xue X, Boerwinkle E, Kaplan RC, and Qi Q
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- Adult, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Metabolomics, Risk Factors, Steroids, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Public Health
- Abstract
Metabolomic signatures of incident diabetes remain largely unclear for the U.S. Hispanic/Latino population, a group with high diabetes burden. We evaluated the associations of 624 known serum metabolites (measured by a global, untargeted approach) with incident diabetes in a subsample (n = 2,010) of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos without diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline (2008-2011). Based on the significant metabolites associated with incident diabetes, metabolite modules were detected using topological network analysis, and their associations with incident diabetes and longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic traits were further examined. There were 224 incident cases of diabetes after an average 6 years of follow-up. After adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors, 134 metabolites were associated with incident diabetes (false discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.05). We identified 10 metabolite modules, including modules comprising previously reported diabetes-related metabolites (e.g., sphingolipids, phospholipids, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, glycine), and 2 reflecting potentially novel metabolite groups (e.g., threonate, N-methylproline, oxalate, and tartarate in a plant food metabolite module and androstenediol sulfates in an androgenic steroid metabolite module). The plant food metabolite module and its components were associated with higher diet quality (especially higher intakes of healthy plant-based foods), lower risk of diabetes, and favorable longitudinal changes in HOMA for insulin resistance. The androgenic steroid module and its component metabolites decreased with increasing age and were associated with a higher risk of diabetes and greater increases in 2-h glucose over time. We replicated the associations of both modules with incident diabetes in a U.S. cohort of non-Hispanic Black and White adults (n = 1,754). Among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults, we identified metabolites across various biological pathways, including those reflecting androgenic steroids and plant-derived foods, associated with incident diabetes and changes in glycemic traits, highlighting the importance of hormones and dietary intake in the pathogenesis of diabetes., (© 2022 by the American Diabetes Association.)
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- 2022
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20. Body Fat Distribution, Cardiometabolic Traits, and Risk of Major Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women.
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Chen GC, Arthur R, Kamensky V, Chai JC, Yu B, Shadyab AH, Allison M, Sun Y, Saquib N, Wild RA, Bao W, Dannenberg AJ, Rohan TE, Kaplan RC, Wassertheil-Smoller S, and Qi Q
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- Body Fat Distribution, Body Mass Index, Extremities, Female, Humans, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Postmenopause
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the relationship between body fat distribution and incident lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD)., Research Design and Methods: We included 155,925 postmenopausal women with anthropometric measures from the Women's Health Initiative who had no known LEAD at recruitment. A subset of 10,894 participants had body composition data quantified by DXA. Incident cases of symptomatic LEAD were ascertained and adjudicated through medical record review., Results: We identified 1,152 incident cases of LEAD during a median 18.8 years follow-up. After multivariable adjustment and mutual adjustment, waist and hip circumferences were positively and inversely associated with risk of LEAD, respectively (both P-trend < 0.0001). In a subset (n = 22,561) where various cardiometabolic biomarkers were quantified, a similar positive association of waist circumference with risk of LEAD was eliminated after adjustment for diabetes and HOMA of insulin resistance (P-trend = 0.89), whereas hip circumference remained inversely associated with the risk after adjustment for major cardiometabolic traits (P-trend = 0.0031). In the DXA subset, higher trunk fat (P-trend = 0.0081) and higher leg fat (P-trend < 0.0001) were associated with higher and lower risk of LEAD, respectively. Further adjustment for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure diminished the association for trunk fat (P-trend = 0.49), yet the inverse association for leg fat persisted (P-trend = 0.0082)., Conclusions: Among U.S. postmenopausal women, a positive association of upper-body fat with risk of LEAD appeared to be attributable to traditional risk factors, especially insulin resistance. Lower-body fat was inversely associated with risk of LEAD beyond known risk factors., (© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association.)
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Obesity Partially Mediates the Diabetogenic Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol.
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Wu P, Moon JY, Daghlas I, Franco G, Porneala BC, Ahmadizar F, Richardson TG, Isaksen JL, Hindy G, Yao J, Sitlani CM, Raffield LM, Yanek LR, Feitosa MF, Cuadrat RRC, Qi Q, Arfan Ikram M, Ellervik C, Ericson U, Goodarzi MO, Brody JA, Lange L, Mercader JM, Vaidya D, An P, Schulze MB, Masana L, Ghanbari M, Olesen MS, Cai J, Guo X, Floyd JS, Jäger S, Province MA, Kalyani RR, Psaty BM, Orho-Melander M, Ridker PM, Kanters JK, Uitterlinden A, Davey Smith G, Gill D, Kaplan RC, Kavousi M, Raghavan S, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Meigs JB, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Liu CT, and Merino J
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- Cholesterol, LDL, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Obesity complications, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity genetics, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics
- Abstract
Objective: LDL cholesterol (LDLc)-lowering drugs modestly increase body weight and type 2 diabetes risk, but the extent to which the diabetogenic effect of lowering LDLc is mediated through increased BMI is unknown., Research Design and Methods: We conducted summary-level univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in 921,908 participants to investigate the effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes risk and the proportion of this effect mediated through BMI. We used data from 92,532 participants from 14 observational studies to replicate findings in individual-level MR analyses., Results: A 1-SD decrease in genetically predicted LDLc was associated with increased type 2 diabetes odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95% CI 1.01, 1.24]) and BMI (β = 0.07 SD units [95% CI 0.02, 0.12]) in univariable MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis showed evidence of an indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01, 1.08]) with a proportion mediated of 38% of the total effect (P = 0.03). Total and indirect effect estimates were similar across a number of sensitivity analyses. Individual-level MR analyses confirmed the indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI with an estimated proportion mediated of 8% (P = 0.04)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that the diabetogenic effect attributed to lowering LDLc is partially mediated through increased BMI. Our results could help advance understanding of adipose tissue and lipids in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology and inform strategies to reduce diabetes risk among individuals taking LDLc-lowering medications., (© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Blood Disorder-Related Variants Influencing Hemoglobin A 1c With Implications for Glycemic Status in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos.
- Author
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Moon JY, Louie TL, Jain D, Sofer T, Schurmann C, Below JE, Lai CQ, Aviles-Santa ML, Talavera GA, Smith CE, Petty LE, Bottinger EP, Chen YI, Taylor KD, Daviglus ML, Cai J, Wang T, Tucker KL, Ordovás JM, Hanis CL, Loos RJF, Schneiderman N, Rotter JI, Kaplan RC, and Qi Q
- Subjects
- Adult, Alleles, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus ethnology, Fasting blood, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glucose Tolerance Test, Hematologic Diseases ethnology, Humans, Hyperglycemia epidemiology, Hyperglycemia ethnology, Hyperglycemia genetics, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Prediabetic State ethnology, Prediabetic State genetics, Prevalence, United States epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus genetics, Genetic Variation genetics, Glycated Hemoglobin genetics, Hematologic Diseases genetics, Hispanic or Latino genetics
- Abstract
Objective: We aimed to identify hemoglobin A
1c (HbA1c )-associated genetic variants and examine their implications for glycemic status evaluated by HbA1c in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos with diverse genetic ancestries., Research Design and Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of HbA1c in 9,636 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos without diabetes from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, followed by a replication among 4,729 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos from three independent studies., Results: Our GWAS and replication analyses showed 10 previously known and novel loci associated with HbA1c at genome-wide significance levels ( P < 5.0 × 10-8 ). In particular, two African ancestry-specific variants, HBB- rs334 and G6PD -rs1050828, which are causal mutations for sickle cell disease and G6PD deficiency, respectively, had ∼10 times larger effect sizes on HbA1c levels (β = -0.31% [-3.4 mmol/mol]) and -0.35% [-3.8 mmol/mol] per minor allele, respectively) compared with other HbA1c -associated variants (0.03-0.04% [0.3-0.4 mmol/mol] per allele). A novel Amerindian ancestry-specific variant, HBM -rs145546625, was associated with HbA1c and hematologic traits but not with fasting glucose. The prevalence of hyperglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) defined using fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance test 2-h glucose was similar between carriers of HBB- rs334 or G6PD -rs1050828 HbA1c -lowering alleles and noncarriers, whereas the prevalence of hyperglycemia defined using HbA1c was significantly lower in carriers than in noncarriers (12.2% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). After recalibration of the HbA1c level taking HBB -rs334 and G6PD -rs1050828 into account, the prevalence of hyperglycemia in carriers was similar to noncarriers (31.3% vs. 28.4%, P = 0.28)., Conclusions: This study in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos found several ancestry-specific alleles associated with HbA1c through erythrocyte-related rather than glycemic-related pathways. The potential influences of these nonglycemic-related variants need to be considered when the HbA1c test is performed., (© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.)- Published
- 2019
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23. Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Hispanic/Latino Individuals: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
- Author
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Qi Q, Stilp AM, Sofer T, Moon JY, Hidalgo B, Szpiro AA, Wang T, Ng MCY, Guo X, Chen YI, Taylor KD, Aviles-Santa ML, Papanicolaou G, Pankow JS, Schneiderman N, Laurie CC, Rotter JI, and Kaplan RC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, Haplotypes, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity complications, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, United States, Young Adult, Black or African American genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Hispanic or Latino genetics, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel genetics, Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein genetics
- Abstract
Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been conducted in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds who are disproportionately affected by diabetes. We conducted a GWAS in 2,499 T2D case subjects and 5,247 control subjects from six Hispanic/Latino background groups in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Our GWAS identified two known loci ( TCF7L2 and KCNQ1) reaching genome-wide significance levels. Conditional analysis on known index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated an additional independent signal at KCNQ1 , represented by an African ancestry-specific variant, rs1049549 (odds ratio 1.49 [95% CI 1.27-1.75]). This association was consistent across Hispanic/Latino background groups and replicated in the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium. Among 80 previously known index SNPs at T2D loci, 66 SNPs showed consistency with the reported direction of associations and 14 SNPs significantly generalized to the HCHS/SOL. A genetic risk score based on these 80 index SNPs was significantly associated with T2D (odds ratio 1.07 [1.06-1.09] per risk allele), with a stronger effect observed in nonobese than in obese individuals. Our study identified a novel independent signal suggesting an African ancestry-specific allele at KCNQ1 for T2D. Associations between previously identified loci and T2D were generally shown in a large cohort of U.S. Hispanics/Latinos., (© 2017 by the American Diabetes Association.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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