1. Replacement of Red and Processed Meat With Other Food Sources of Protein and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations: The EPIC-InterAct Study
- Author
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Anja Olsen, Stina Ramne, Inge Huybrechts, Keren Papier, Elio Riboli, Guy Fagherazzi, Marcela Guevara, Bernard Srour, Matthias B. Schulze, Vittorio Simeon, Paul W. Franks, Antonio Agudo, Daniel B Ibsen, Alicia K Heath, Heinz Freisling, Tammy Y.N. Tong, Sara Grioni, Nita G. Forouhi, Kim Overvad, Pilar Amiano, Verena A. Katze, Elisabete Weiderpass, Giovanna Masala, Dagfinn Aune, Benedetta Bendinelli, Carmen Santiuste, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Marinka Steur, Rosario Tumino, Nicholas J. Wareham, Aurelio Barricarte, Clemens Wittenbecher, Fumiaki Imamura, José Ramón Quirós, Stephen J. Sharp, Francesca Mancini, Annemieke M.W. Spijkerman, Anne Tjønneland, Nasser Laouali, Olov Rolandsson, María José Sánchez, Carlotta Sacerdote, Ulrika Ericson, Ibsen, Daniel B [0000-0002-7038-4770], Schulze, Matthias B [0000-0002-0830-5277], Franks, Paul W [0000-0002-0520-7604], Rolandsson, Olov [0000-0002-1341-6828], Forouhi, Nita G [0000-0002-5041-248X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Ibsen, D. B., Steur, M., Imamura, F., Overvad, K., Schulze, M. B., Bendinelli, B., Guevara, M., Agudo, A., Amiano, P., Aune, D., Barricarte, A., Ericson, U., Fagherazzi, G., Franks, P. W., Freisling, H., Quiros, J. R., Grioni, S., Heath, A. K., Huybrechts, I., Katze, V., Laouali, N., Mancini, F., Masala, G., Olsen, A., Papier, K., Ramne, S., Rolandsson, O., Sacerdote, C., Sanchez, M. -J., Santiuste, C., Simeon, V., Spijkerman, A. M. W., Srour, B., Tjonneland, A., Tong, T. Y. N., Tumino, R., van der Schouw, Y. T., Weiderpass, E., Wittenbecher, C., Sharp, S. J., Riboli, E., Forouhi, N. G., Wareham, N. J., World Cancer Research Fund International, and Commission of the European Communities
- Subjects
Male ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population impact ,Type 2 diabetes ,EPIC ,MELLITUS ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Processed meat ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Food science ,Prospective Studies ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,IRON ,Hazard ratio ,food and beverages ,MEN ,ASSOCIATION ,Middle Aged ,Yogurt ,CANCER ,Europe ,Milk ,%22">Fish ,Female ,FERRITIN ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,COUNTRIES ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,VALIDITY ,Epidemiology/Health Services Research ,METAANALYSIS ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,CONSUMPTION ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Red Meat ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Seafood ,Causal association ,Self Report ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is sparse evidence for the association of suitable food substitutions for red and processed meat on the risk of type 2 diabetes. We modeled the association between replacing red and processed meat with other protein sources and the risk of type 2 diabetes and estimated its population impact. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-InterAct case cohort included 11,741 individuals with type 2 diabetes and a subcohort of 15,450 participants in eight countries. We modeled the replacement of self-reported red and processed meat with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, cheese, cereals, yogurt, milk, and nuts. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for incident type 2 diabetes were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS There was a lower hazard for type 2 diabetes for the modeled replacement of red and processed meat (50 g/day) with cheese (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97) (30 g/day), yogurt (0.90, 0.86–0.95) (70 g/day), nuts (0.90, 0.84–0.96) (10 g/day), or cereals (0.92, 0.88–0.96) (30 g/day) but not for replacements with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, or milk. If a causal association is assumed, replacing red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, or nuts could prevent 8.8%, 8.3%, or 7.5%, respectively, of new cases of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Replacement of red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, nuts, or cereals was associated with a lower rate of type 2 diabetes. Substituting red and processed meat by other protein sources may contribute to the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes in European populations.
- Published
- 2020