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OBJECTIVE--Waist circumference (WC) is used to define central obesity. This study aimed to compare the performance of two recommended locations of WC measurement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--A cohort of 1,898 [...]

OBJECTIVE--To find clinically meaningful preoperative predictors of diabetes remission and conversely inadequate glycemic control after gastric bypass surgery. Predicting the improvement in glycemic control in those with type 2 diabetes [...]

OBJECTIVE--To investigate if there is a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes in children breastfed or exclusively breastfed by performing a pooled analysis with adjustment for recognized confounders. RESEARCH DESIGN [...]

OBJECTIVE Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the breakdown of amines to produce aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. Serum VAP-1 correlates positively with both acute hyperglycemia and diabetes. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate whether serum VAP-1 predicts 10-year survival in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Between July 1996 and June 2003, we enrolled 661 type 2 diabetic subjects at National Taiwan University Hospital. Serum VAP-1 in the samples obtained at enrollment was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. The vital status of all subjects was ascertained by linking their data with computerized death certificates in Taiwan. RESULTS--The medium follow-up period was 10.4 years. Subjects with serum VAP-1 in the highest tertile had a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.19 (95% CI 1.17-4.11) for all-cause mortality adjusted for age, sex, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, hemoglobin Ale, diabetes duration, total cholesterol, use of statins, abnormal ankle-brachial index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. The adjusted HRs for logarithmically transformed serum VAP-1 were 5.83 (95% CI 1.17-28.97) for cardiovascular mortality, 6.32 (95% CI 1.25-32.00) for mortality from cardiovascular and diabetic causes, and 17.24 (95% CI 4.57-65.07) for cancer mortality. There were four variables, including age, serum VAP-1, proteinuria, and eGFR, which could enhance mortality prediction significantly. CONCLUSIONS--Serum VAP-1 can predict 10-year all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality independently in type 2 diabetic subjects. Serum VAP-1 is a novel biomarker that improves risk prediction over and above established risk factors. Diabetes 60:993-999, 2011, Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), discovered y Salmi and Jalkanen (1), is a dual-function protein. Endothelial VAP-1 can act as an adhesion molecule (2) and is involved in leukocyte rolling, adhesion, [...]

OBJECTIVE--The aim if the study was to investigate whether children born to older mothers have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes by performing a pooled analysis of previous studies using individual patient data to adjust for recognized confounders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Relevant studies published before June 2009 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Authors of studies were contacted and asked to provide individual patient data or conduct prespecified analyses. Risk estimates of type 1 diabetes by maternal age were calculated for each study, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios and to investigate heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS--Data were available for 5 cohort and 25 case-control studies, including 14,724 cases of type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was, on average, a 5% (95% CI 2-9) increase in childhood type 1 diabetes odds per 5-year increase in maternal age (P = 0.006), but there was heterogeneity among studies (heterogeneity [I.sup.2] = 70%). In studies with a low risk of bias, there was a more marked increase in diabetes odds of 10% per 5-year increase in maternal age. Adjustments for potential confounders little altered these estimates. CONCLUSIONS--There was evidence of a weak but significant linear increase in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes across the range of maternal ages, but the magnitude of association varied between studies. A very small percentage of the increase in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in recent years could be explained by increases in maternal age. Diabetes 59:486-494, 2010, In recent decades, the age at which women give birth has been increasing in many western countries. For instance, between 1987 and 2007, the age of mothers at delivery increased [...]

OBJECTIVE--Genetic variants in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been linked with obesity and type 2 diabetes in European populations. We aimed to test the role of FTO [...]

OBJECTIVE--Genetic polymorphisms of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is one of the few validated genetic variants with large effects on the risk of type 2 diabetes in the populations of European ancestry. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of the TCF7L2 polymorphisms in a Han Chinese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We genotyped 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the TCF7L2 gene in 1,520 unrelated subjects from a Han Chinese population in Taiwan. The associations of SNPs and haplotypes with type 2 diabetes and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of the TCFTL2 gene were analyzed. RESULTS--The previously reported SNPs rs7903146 T- and rs12255372 T-alleles of the TCFTL2 gene were rare and were not associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population, which may attribute to the low frequencies of these two SNPs. SNP rs290487 located in an LD block close to the 3' end of the gene was associated with type 2 diabetes (allele-specific P = 0.0021; permuted P = 0.03). The odds ratio was 1.36 for the CT genotype (95% CI 1.08-1.71; P = 0.0063) and 1.51 for the CC genotype (1.10 -2.07; P = 0.0085) compared with the TT genotype, corresponding to a population attributable risk fraction of 18.7%. The haplotypes composed of rs290487 were also significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (global P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS--We identified a novel risk-conferring genetic variant of TCF7L2 for type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Our data suggested that the TCF7L2 genetic polymorphisms are major determinants for risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population. Diabetes 56:2631-2637, 2007, Type 2 diabetes is a highly inheritable metabolic disorder of polygenetic nature (1). Although theoretical analyses emphasized the power of genetic association study in common multifactorial diseases, the search for [...]

Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease involving both genetic and environmental components. Abnormalities in insulin secretion and insulin action usually precede the development of type 2 diabetes and can serve as good quantitative measures for genetic mapping. We therefore undertook an autosomal genomic search to locate the quantitative trait locus (QTL) linked to these traits in 1,365 nondiabetic Chinese subjects from 411 nuclear families. Residuals of these log-transformed quantitative traits were analyzed in multipoint linkage analysis using a variance-components approach. The most significant QTL for fasting insulin, which coincides with the QTL for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, was located at 37 cM on chromosome 20, with a maximum empirical logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 3.01 (empirical P = 0.00006) when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, antihypertensive medications, recruitment centers, and environmental factors. In the same region, a QTL for fasting glucose was identified at 51 cM, with an empirical LOD score of 2.03 (empirical P = 0.0012). There were other loci with maximum empirical LOD scores ≥ 1.29 located on chromosomes 1q, 2p, 5q, 7p, 9q, 10p, 14q, 18q, and 19q for different diabetes-related traits. These loci may harbor genes that regulate glucose homeostasis either independently or via interactions of the genes within these regions., Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease that occurs because of a combination of genetic and environmental factors (1). Although the underlying pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, [...]

OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of body composition and adiponectin on insulin resistance and β-cell function in schoolchildren during puberty. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Plasma adiponectin level and its relationships with insulin [...]

OBJECTIVE -- To study the effect of birth weight on risk of type 2 diabetes in the schoolchildren in Taiwan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- From 1992 to 1997, all [...]

WEI-SHIUNG YANG (1,2) CHI-YUAN JENG (3) TA-JEN WU (4) SACHIYO TANAKA (5) TOHRU FUNAHASHI (5) YUJI MATSUZAWA (5) JAO-PING WANG (1) CHI-LING CHEN (6) TONG-YUAN TAI (1) LEE-MING CHUANG (1,2) [...]

To elucidate the direct effect of rosiglitazone (RSG), a new thiazolidinedione antihyperglycemic agent, on pancreatic insulin secretion, an in situ investigation by rat pancreatic perfusion was performed. At a basal glucose concentration of 6 mmol/l, RSG (0.045-4.5 µmol/l) stimulated insulin release in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 4.5 µmol/l RSG potentiated the glucose (10 mmol/l)-induced insulin secretion. Both the first and second phases of glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly enhanced by RSG, by 80.7 and 52.4%, respectively. The effects of RSG on insulin secretion were inhibited by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002. In contrast, the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was not affected by LY294002. The potentiation effect of RSG on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, in both the first and second phases, was significantly blocked by LY294002. These results suggest that RSG has a direct potentiation effect on insulin secretion in the presence of 10 mmol/l glucose, mediated through PI3K activity. The inability of LY294002 to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion suggests that different pathways are responsible for glucose and RSG signaling. Diabetes 50:2598-2602, 2001, Defects in insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells and insulin action on the target cells are two major causes for type 2 diabetes (1). In regard to their role in [...]

OBJECTIVE--To validate the performance of current diabetes risk scores (DRSs) based on simple clinical information in detecting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). RESEARCH DESIGN [...]

A case report Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major complications of diabetes, and it is the most common cause of blindness. Following the recommendation of the management guidelines for [...]

OBJECTIVE -- A drastic difference is evident in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among ethnic groups. We examined the role of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in this disparity [...]

D-chiro-inositol is a major constituent of inositol glycan mediator of insulin signaling pathway. Pinitol, the O-methy-D-chiro-inositol, has been shown to be effective in lowering of blood glucose level in both [...]

Both type 2 diabetes and hypertension are under strong genetic influences. Furthermore, hypertension has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance, which is a key feature of type 2 [...]

Although various vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with either insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity, these polymorphisms were either located within introns or 3'-untranslated region, [...]

Insulin stimulated glucose uptake in the 3T3-L1 cells is markedly increased in the adipocytes after induction of differentiation as compared to the parental fibroblasts. To study for the genes which [...]

We read with interest the article by Eppens et al. (1) concerning the prevalence of diabetes complications in adolescents with type 2 compared with type 1 diabetes. Because the study [...]