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Guidelines recommend albuminuria targets to guide treatment among patients with diabetes. This study examines the degree to which finerenone's beneficial effects on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes can be explained by the drug's effect in reducing early signs of kidney injury as measured by albuminuria. Visual Abstract. Impact of Finerenone-Induced Albuminuria Reduction on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: Guidelines recommend albuminuria targets to guide treatment among patients with diabetes. This study examines the degree to which finerenone's beneficial effects on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes can be explained by the drug's effect in reducing early signs of kidney injury as measured by albuminuria. Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, reduces cardiovascular and kidney failure outcomes. Finerenone also lowers the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Whether finerenone-induced change in UACR mediates cardiovascular and kidney failure outcomes is unknown. Objective: To quantify the proportion of kidney and cardiovascular risk reductions seen over a 4-year period mediated by a change in kidney injury, as measured by the change in log UACR between baseline and month 4. Design: Post hoc mediation analysis using pooled data from 2 phase 3, double-blind trials of finerenone. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02540993 and NCT02545049) Setting: Several clinical sites in 48 countries. Patients: 12 512 patients with CKD and T2D. Intervention: Finerenone and placebo (1:1). Measurements: Separate mediation analyses were done for the composite kidney (kidney failure, sustained ≥57% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline [approximately a doubling of serum creatinine], or kidney disease death) and cardiovascular (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) outcomes. Results: At baseline, median UACR was 514 mg/g. A 30% or greater reduction in UACR was seen in 3338 (53.2%) patients in the finerenone group and 1684 (27.0%) patients in the placebo group. Reduction in UACR (analyzed as a continuous variable) mediated 84% and 37% of the treatment effect on the kidney and cardiovascular outcomes, respectively. When change in UACR was analyzed as a binary variable (that is, whether the guideline-recommended 30% reduction threshold was met), the proportions mediated for each outcome were 64% and 26%, respectively. Limitation: The current findings are not readily extendable to other drugs. Conclusion: In patients with CKD and T2D, early albuminuria reduction accounted for a large proportion of the treatment effect against CKD progression and a modest proportion of the effect against cardiovascular outcomes. Primary Funding Source: Bayer AG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]