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Seven new merosesquiterpenoids, trichothecrotocins D-J (1-7), two new trichothecene sesquiterpenoids, trichothecrotocins K (12) and L (13), and six known compounds (8-11, 14, and 15), were isolated from a potato-associated fungus, Trichothecium crotocinigenum. Compounds 5 and 6 were racemates which were further separated as pure enantiomers. Structures together with absolute configurations were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as quantum chemistry calculations on ECD and optical rotations. Compounds 1-4 are rare meroterpenoids featuring a seco-phenyl group, while 1 and 2 possessed a novel 6-6/5 fused ring system. Compounds 1-4, 8, 11, and 12 showed antifungal activity against four plant pathogens with MIC values of 8-128 μg/mL. It is suggested that the meroterpenoids produced by T. crotocinigenum may play an important role in the antifungal property of the fungus, thereby protecting the host plant, i.e., potato.

Antroalbocin A (1), a sesquiterpenoid possessing a bridged tricyclic system, was isolated from cultures of the higher fungus Antrodiella albocinnamomea (Basidiomycota). The structure with the absolute configuration was determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 was proposed. Compound 1 was found to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 169 μM.