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This study determined intraluminal ethanol concentrations (stomach and duodenum) in fed healthy volunteers after the consumption of common alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, and whisky). The results of this study were compared with a previous study in fasted volunteers. Five healthy volunteers were recruited in a crossover study. The fed state was simulated by ingestion of 250 mL of Nutridrink Compact Neutral. Volunteers subsequently consumed two standard units of beer (Stella Artois, 500 mL, 5.2% ethanol), wine (Blanc du Blanc, 200 mL, 11% ethanol), or whisky (Gallantry Whisky, 80 mL, 40% ethanol). Gastric and duodenal fluids were aspirated through two catheters over time and analyzed for ethanol content by head space gas chromatography. The capability of ethanol to permeate gastric and duodenal rat mucosa was examined in an Ussing chambers setup. A similar average gastric Cmax was observed in the beer and the wine conditions: 3.3% and 3.7% ethanol, respectively. The gastric Cmax in the whisky condition am...

A capillary electrophoresis-based method with enzymatic reaction inside the capillary for the screening of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors has been developed. MMP-2 and MMP-9, which have been considered as promising targets for cancer therapy, were selected as the model enzymes. The hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate catalyzed by MMPs was determined by measuring the increase in fluorescence. For high-throughput screening, the short-end injection was employed. The enzyme, substrate containing inhibitors, and enzyme solutions were injected from the outlet of the capillary via the sandwich mode. They were mixed by alternating the potential at positive and negative polarities. Online hydrolysis, separation, and detection were achieved in 70 s with approximately 0.87 fmol of MMP required for each assay. The applicability of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) with fluorescence detection to estimate the inhibitory mechanism and to determine the IC(50) values was evaluated for two natural inhibitors, epigallocatechin gallate and oleic acid. A few other natural compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, caffeic acid, glucosamine, and doxycycline were also screened to test their inhibitory potency. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by offline enzyme assay and confirm the effectiveness of the present method. A rapid, cost-effective, and fully automated method for MMP inhibitor screening is proposed.