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Previous studies on the relative reactivity of H2 and tetralin have shown greater hydrogen transfer from H2 to coal than from tetralin to coal at 350 °C. These results are not consistent with a radical pathway for hydrogen addition and require the existence of a nonradical route. We explored the possibility that this nonradical route is synchronous 1,4-H2 addition, which could occur either with acenes or with dihydroxybenzenes. Reactions of Illinois No. 6 coal with added phenanthrene, anthracene, or m-dihydroxybenzene provide no evidence in support of this addition reaction. The 1,4-addition of H2 to phenols produces carbonyl compounds. Reactions of Wyodak coal, which should have a higher population of phenolic groups than Illinois No. 6, show no evidence for a correlation of CO production with H2 utilization or for changes in carbonyl group population that would be consistent with 1,4-addition to phenols. In light of these negative findings, the likely nonradical pathway would then seem to be catalysis b...

Amide-directed hydrocarbonylation of 3-butenamide(1) catalyzed by rhodium complexes such as RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 , RhCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 2 , HRh(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 , and Rh 4 (CO) 12 gives a mixture of 3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone (2), 4-methyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one (3), and a unique heterodimer, 6-(4-methyl-2-oxo-3-pyrrolin-1-yl)-2-piperidone (4)

It is well-established that when polymer size exceeds the size of a confining space, the equilibrium partition of polymer between the confined space and the bulk solution is zero. Surprisingly, we found that the long water-soluble polymers with a small hydrophobic group can be efficiently trapped inside the water channels (nanopores) of the hexagonal phase of non-ionic surfactant.