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Metal contamination is a major problem in many estuaries. Toxicokinetic models are useful tools for predicting metal accumulation in estuarine organisms and managing the associated ecological risks. However, obtaining toxicokinctic parameter values with sufficient predictive power is challenging for dynamic estuarine waters. In this study, we determined die toxicokinetics of multiple metals in the oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis in a dynamic estuary polluted by metals using a 48 day transplant experiment During the experiment, metal concentrations in oysters, water, and suspended particles were intensively monitored at 3 day intervals. The toxicokinetic parameters were then estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The calibrated model was capable of successfully simulating the time-course of metal bioaccumulation in oysters and was further validated by predicting the bioaccumulation at another site in the estuary. Furthermore, the model was used to assess the relative importance of different pathways in metal bioaccumulation. With the MCMC method, distributions instead of single values were assigned to model parameters. This method makes the model predictions probabilistic with clearly defined uncertainties, and they are thus particularly useful for the risk assessment of metals in aquatic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]