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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a central role in the fine-tuning of environmental and internal stimuli. We herein report a ratiometric fluorescent probe, α-Naph, capable of determining basal H2O2 in the ER. The probe specifically responds to H2O2. The limit of detection of the probe is as low as 38 nM, making it a feasible sensor to image intracellular basal H2O2. In addition, utilizing its ratiometric property, we are able to measure the concentration of H2O2 in the ER quantitatively, eliminating the error caused by the probe concentration and environment. The intracellular concentration of H2O2 in the ER is calculated to be 0.692 µM under normal conditions and 1.26 µM under the stimulation of phorbol myristate acetate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real time online calibration of mass shift and intensity fluctuation to improve the accuracy of measurements for identification and quantitation in trace mass spectrometric analysis was demonstrated using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS). The signals of authentic compounds (e.g., lysine (Lys), proline (Pro), and histidine (His)) spiked into the extractive solution for the EESI process were used as the references to calibrate the signal of analytes (e.g., methionine (Met)) in the untreated sample solution. The intensity of the analyte signal was recorded simultaneously with the reference signals. The analyte signals at a given time point were calibrated on the basis of these correlation factors and real time signal response of the reference. The calibrated signal of Met at 10 µg L-1 was improved with a better signal-to-noise ratio (S/N from 2.3 to 4.3), better linearity (R² from 0.9758 to 0.9980), and reduced relative standard deviation (RSD from 9.8% to 6.0%). The shift of mass-to-charge ratio of Met signal between the detected and theoretical values was decreased from 247 ± 133 to -7 ± 167 ppm for 50 min of detection using a linear ion trap mass analyzer and was reduced from -0.27 ± 0.60 to -0.12 ± 0.23 ppm for 50 min of detection using an Orbitrap mass analyzer (P = 95%). This method has been validated using a certified standard amino acids solution (GBW(E)100062) and applied for quantitative detection of amino acids in chicken feed, urine, nutritional drink, and facial mask samples, showing that the method is useful to improve the accuracy of mass spectrometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The densities and viscosities of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF 4] ionic liquid with methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl formate, and acetone have been measured at 298.15 K. The excess molar volume VmEand the viscosity deviations Δη for the binary mixture have been calculated and were fitted to the Redlich−Kister polynomials. The values of VmEand Δη are negative over the whole composition range. The minima in VmEand Δη are observed at about mole fraction of the ionic liquid, x≈ 0.3 and 0.7, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient base-controlled selective conversion of the Michael adducts of malonates with enones in the presence of iodine is reported. Highly functionalized cyclopropane, oxetane, and α-hydroxylmalonate derivatives are obtained selectively using DBU, Na2CO3, and NaOAc as the base, respectively. O2 was identified to be crucial to the formation of oxetane and α-hydroxylmalonate derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]