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A Tf 2 NH-catalyzed aza-Ferrier reaction of N , O -allenyl acetals was reported. This protocol provided various types of β-amino-α-methylene aldehydes as the products. The N , O -allenyl acetal substrates were easily prepared by base-induced isomerization of N , O -propargyl acetals with Triton B. The N , O -propargyl acetals were prepared from the corresponding aldehydes or lactams. Further synthetic applications of the products were also described.

Ergothioneine-rich crude extracts of Pleurotus cornucopiae were used as a source of antioxidative components to control the effects of lipid oxidation in astaxanthin-containing liposomes. This study aimed to elucidate the interactions of liposomal astaxanthin and lipids with ergothioneine-rich mushroom extract (ME) under radical oxidation-induced conditions to provide a better understanding of the agricultural and postharvest applications of this strategy. Azo compounds (2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were used as hydrophilic and lipophilic radical initiators, respectively. Results of this study demonstrate that the presence of ME significantly delayed the oxidative degradation of astaxanthin and controlled the progress of lipid oxidation in a liposomal system. The lipid hydroperoxide formation was significantly suppressed, while polyunsaturated fatty acids were protected from degradation. In addition, Crude ME also demonstrated more potent DPPH radical scavenging activities and EC 50 than the equimolar concentrations of ergothioneine alone, which suggested the presence of additional compounds with antioxidative properties.