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A novel electrochemical method for size-controlled synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles in aqueous phase was developed, and in this method the poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is used as a stabilizer for the silver clusters. The bulk metal is not converted from the sacrificial anode but comes directly from the electrode.

A simple but effective-organic phase-transfer method for gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles is developed on the basis of the decrease of the poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)'s (PVP's) solubility in water with the temperature increase. It is observed that the shapes and sizes of gold nanoparticles as the building blocks may be controllable through changing reaction conditions.

A simple and effective method to electrochemically synthesize size and shape controlled gold nanocrystals under the protection of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is presented. The nanoparticle self-assembling technique based on PVP offers a simple, but effective, path to organize individual gold nanoparticles into various 1D and 2D nanostructured materials.

A simple but effective aqueous−organic phase-transfer method for gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles was developed on the basis of the decrease of the PVP's solubility in water with the temperature increase. The present method is superior in the transfer efficiency of highly stable nanoparticles to the common phase-transfer methods. The gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles transferred to the 1-butanol phase dispersed well, especially silver and platinum particles almost kept the previous particle size. Electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles in an oil−water system was achieved by controlling the reaction temperature at 80 °C, which provides great conveniences for collecting metal particles at the oil/water interface and especially for fabricating dense metal nanoparticle films. A technique to fabricate gold nanofilms on solid supports was also established. The shapes and sizes of gold nanoparticles as the building blocks may be controllable through changing reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]