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The changes in phenolic acid and isoflavone profile of soybean genotypes ( Nidera 5909 RR and BMX Força RR) dried at different temperatures and stored for 12 months were investigated. In both cultivars, there was a reduction of the germination capacity and an increase of fungal incidence with the increase of drying temperature and storage time. Multivariate analysis of phenolic acids allowed for the differentiation among treatments. Cultivar Nidera 5909 RR, dried at 110 °C, showed an interaction with characters of greater relevance for differentiation, being influenced by the increase of bound coumaric, and syringic, and free-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, and coumaric acids. Multivariate analysis of isoflavones showed a strong affinity of the aglycone isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, and daidzein) within the Nidera 5909 RR cultivar at all drying temperatures and with BMX Força RR cultivar at the highest temperatures. These results indicate that the release and interconversion of isoflavone malonyl-β-glucosides and β-glucosides into aglycone forms are simultaneous reactions during storage.

The effects of the use of glyphosate (GLY), glyphosate plus carfentrazone (GLY/CAR), and paraquat (PAR) as plant desiccators on the technological and chemical properties of cowpea grains were investigated. All studied desiccants provided lower cooking time to freshly harvested cowpea. However, the coat color of PAR- and GLY/CAR-treated cowpea was reddish in comparison to the control treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data sets showed a clear distinction among cowpea from the different treatments. Catechin-3-glucoside and epicatechin significantly contributed for discriminating GLY-treated cowpea, while citric acid was responsible for discriminating GLY/CAR-treated cowpea. Quercetin derivative and gluconic acid were responsible for discriminating control treatment. Residual glyphosate and paraquat content was higher than the maximum limits allowed by Codex Alimentarius and the European Union Commission. Improvements in the technological and chemical properties of cowpea may not be overlapped by the risks that those desiccants exhibit when exceeding the maximum limits of tolerance in food.

The metabolic variability of fruit from Butia spp. (Arecaceae) genotypes from different geographical locations was characterized using untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) followed by multivariate data analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) from LC-MS data sets showed a clear distinction among Butia catarinensis, Butia odorata, Butia paraguayensis, and Butia yatay. The major metabolites that contributed to species discrimination were primary metabolites including sugars and organic acids and specialized metabolites such as tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene and rutin. B. odorata fruit from Tapes, RS, Brazil, showed a high content of organic acids and flavonoids, whereas B. odorata fruits from Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil, showed a high sugar content. The results demonstrate that LC-ESI-qToF-MS-based metabolic profiling coupled with chemometric analysis can be used to discriminate among Butia species and between geographical origins of B. odorata and to identify primary and specialized metabolites responsible for the discrimination.

We have analyzed by hybridization the accumulation of ovalbumin mRNA after the administration of estrogen, progesterone, these two hormones together, or each hormone with testosterone to "withdrawn" chicks (chicks previously stimulated with estrogen but then withdrawn from the hormone). We were interested in determining if the time lag between hormone treatment and a significant increase in ovalbumin mRNA levels could be shortened. After every hormonal treatment we found that there was a 1.5-2.5-h lag period before a significant increase in ovalbumin mRNA levels. This lag period was not simply due to the slow delivery of the hormone to the oviduct. Nuclear estrogen receptor levels had plateaued by 1 h. Rather unexpectedly, the rate of ovalbumin mRNA accumulation after this lag period seemed to depend on the time of the year. Ovalbumin mRNA accumulated faster during the summer and early fall than during the winter and early spring. These seasonal differences were also observed in ovalbumin mRNA levels 24 h after hormone treatment. Such a circannual rhythm may help explain reported differences in the rate of ovalbumin mRNA accumulation during secondary stimulation.