1. One Atom Makes All the Difference: Getting a Foot in the Door between SOS1 and KRAS.
- Author
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Ramharter J, Kessler D, Ettmayer P, Hofmann MH, Gerstberger T, Gmachl M, Wunberg T, Kofink C, Sanderson M, Arnhof H, Bader G, Rumpel K, Zöphel A, Schnitzer R, Böttcher J, O'Connell JC, Mendes RL, Richard D, Pototschnig N, Weiner I, Hela W, Hauer K, Haering D, Lamarre L, Wolkerstorfer B, Salamon C, Werni P, Munico-Martinez S, Meyer R, Kennedy MD, Kraut N, and McConnell DB
- Subjects
- Afatinib chemistry, Afatinib metabolism, Afatinib therapeutic use, Allosteric Regulation drug effects, Binding Sites, Catalytic Domain, Colorectal Neoplasms drug therapy, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, ErbB Receptors antagonists & inhibitors, ErbB Receptors metabolism, Humans, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Protein Interaction Maps drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) genetics, Quinazolines chemistry, Quinazolines metabolism, Quinazolines pharmacology, Quinazolines therapeutic use, SOS1 Protein agonists, SOS1 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, SOS1 Protein genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) metabolism, SOS1 Protein metabolism
- Abstract
KRAS, the most common oncogenic driver in human cancers, is controlled and signals primarily through protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The interaction between KRAS and SOS1, crucial for the activation of KRAS, is a typical, challenging PPI with a large contact surface area and high affinity. Here, we report that the addition of only one atom placed between Y884
SOS1 and A73KRAS is sufficient to convert SOS1 activators into SOS1 inhibitors. We also disclose the discovery of BI-3406 . Combination with the upstream EGFR inhibitor afatinib shows in vivo efficacy against KRASG13D mutant colorectal tumor cells, demonstrating the utility of BI-3406 to probe SOS1 biology. These findings challenge the dogma that large molecules are required to disrupt challenging PPIs. Instead, a "foot in the door" approach, whereby single atoms or small functional groups placed between key PPI interactions, can lead to potent inhibitors even for challenging PPIs such as SOS1-KRAS.- Published
- 2021
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