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New derivatives of 5,5′,5″-tris(tetrazolyl)amine (H3tta) are designed by replacing N-H with N-NO2 and N-OH groups. Two H3tta derivatives (B and F) were selected for the design of 1:1 (cation:anion) energetic salts. Their heats of formation (HOF) and densities were predicted and combined to estimate the velocities of detonation (VOD) and detonation pressures (DP). Impact sensitivity of H3tta compounds containing nitramine functionality was assessed using h50, free space in a crystal lattice, and heats of detonation (Q). The calculated explosive power index about picric acid showed that most of the H3tta compounds and salts can be used as potential energetic materials. Those compounds and salts were found to exhibit superior detonation performance when compared with RDX and HMX. According to our results, newly designed H3tta derivatives may be used to develop high-performance energetic materials with lower sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heats of formation (HOFs) for 24 designed compounds wereobtained by using the density functional theory (DFT). Molecular structureswere investigated at the B3PW91/6-31G(d,p) level, and isodesmic reactionswere designed for calculating the gas phase heats of formation. Thesolid state heats of formation for designed compounds were calculatedby the Politzer approach using heats of sublimation. All the designedcompounds possess solid state heats of formation above 140 kJ/mol.The distance between nitro groups influences the steric and repulsiveinteractions. Detonation performances were evaluated by the Kamlet–Jacobsequations based on the predicted densities and solid state heats offormation, and susceptibility of decomposition was studied by thecomputations of bond dissociation energy (BDE). Further, the presentstudy might provide useful information for the structure–propertyrelationship, the laboratory synthesis of imidazole–triazoleand pyrazole–triazole based nitro derivatives and the developmentof novel high energy materials (HEMs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel fused-ring compound, 5-azido-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4- b ]pyrazine 1-oxide ( 3a ), was synthesized for the first time with simple two-step process and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such NMR, IR, EA and HRMS. Two polymorphs ( α-3a and β-3a ) identified by SCXRD differ in crystal packing and noncovalent interactions, demonstrating high density, substantial heat of formation, and superior detonation properties with reduced mechanical sensitivity compared to TNT, TATB, and close to RDX, suggesting their potential as environmentally friendly high energy density materials.

The pursuit of heat-resistant energetic materials featuring high thermostability and energy has gained keen interest in recent years owing to their use in coal mining and aerospace domains. In this study, we synthesized 4-((4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino)-1 H -1,2,3-triazole-5-carbonitrile ( 6 ) and its perchlorate and nitrate energetic salts ( 6a and 6b ) by incorporating amino bridging (-NH-) using the Dimroth rearrangement (DR) from inexpensive starting materials as a heat-resistant energetic materials. All of the compounds were thoroughly characterized by infrared (IR), NMR, elemental analysis (EA), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) studies. Compounds 6a and 6b showed good densities (1.81 and 1.80 g cm -3 ), detonation performance (VOD = 7505 and 8257 m s -1 , DP = 23.47 and 24.41 GPa), insensitivity to mechanical stimuli (IS = 40 J and FS = >360 N), and excellent thermal stability ( T d = 307 and 334 °C), surpassing presently used heat-resistant explosive HNS (318 °C). The molecular electrostatic potentials and noncovalent interactions were pursued to understand possible interaction sites and structure-directing interactions in these salts. Their facile synthetic approach, good energetic performance, and outstanding thermal stability indicate that they are the ideal combination for replacing current benchmark heat-resistant explosive HNS. Additionally, this study highlights the use of classical DR for making new energetic materials with fine-tuned properties.

gem -Dinitro methyl based high-energy-density material 5-(dinitromethylene)-4,5-dihydro-1 H -1,2,4-triazole ( 2 ) and its hydroxylamine salt ( 4 ) were synthesized for the first time in a single step and characterized. Further, the structure of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. Interestengly, both the compounds show excellent density (> 1.83 g cm -3 ), detonation velocity (> 8700 m s -1 ), pressure (> 30 GPa) and are insensitive toward mechanical stimuli such as impact and friction sensitivity. Considering their synthetic fesibility and balanced energetic performance, compounds 2 and 4 show future prospects as potential next-generation energetic materials for the replacenent of many presently used benchmark high energy density materials such as RDX, FOX-7 and highly insensitive H-FOX.

Various energetic salts ( 3a-f ) were obtained from 1,3,5-tris[(2 H -tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]isocyanurate ( 3 ), while N2,N4,N6-tri(1 H -tetrazol-5-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine ( 5 ) and N , N '-{6-[(1 H -tetrazol-5-yl)amino]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl}bis[ N -(1 H -tetrazol-5-yl)nitramide] ( 6 ) were obtained from cyanuric chloride via a simple, efficient two-step synthetic route from inexpensive starting materials. Compounds 3a-f and 6 show excellent detonation properties (VOD = 7876-8832 m s -1 , and DP = 20.73-30.0 GPa), a high nitrogen content (>62%), and high positive heats of formation (205.2-1888.9 kJ mol -1 ) with excellent thermostability and remarkable insensitivity.