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A series of ruthenium(II) diimine complexes containing thia-, selena- and aza-crowns derived from 1,10-phenanthroline have been synthesized and characterized, and their photophysics and electrochemistry were studied. Their interaction with metal ions was investigated by UV-vis, luminescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of [Ru(bpy)2(L1)](PF6)2, [Ru(bpy)2(L2)](ClO4)2, [Ru(bpy)2(L3)](ClO4)2, and [Ru(bpy)2(L4)](ClO4)2 have been determined. The luminescence properties of [Ru(bpy)2(L1)](ClO4)2 were found to be sensitive and selective toward the presence of Hg2+ ions in an acetonitrile solution. The addition of alkaline-earth metal ions, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ ions, to the solution of [Ru(bpy)2(L6)](ClO4)2 in acetonitrile gave rise to large changes in the UV-vis and emission spectra. The binding of metal ions to [Ru(bpy)2(L6)](ClO4)2 was found to cause a strong enhancement in the emission intensities of the complex, with high specificity toward Hg2+ ions.

Oxygen-sensing elements containing single-layered structures of luminescent indicators of ruthenium(II) bipyridyl complexes on glass surfaces prepared by covalent attachment and LB deposition are described. They are capable of detecting gaseous oxygen concentration by luminescence quenching of the indicator with reproducible and large quenching efficiencies that are comparable to the best quenching efficiencies obtained by other ruthenium(II) polypyridine based complexes immobilized in matrixes. The large quenching efficiencies for both films imply that the probe complexes are effectively quenched by oxygen, which is probably due to the thin single-layered structures with large surface-to-area ratio and short distance between the probe complexes and oxygen.

A novel luminescent hexanuclear platinum(II) complex, [Pt(2)(mu-dppm)(2)(C[triple bond]CC(5)H(4)N)(4)[Pt(trpy)](4)](CF(3)SO(3))(8) (trpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), was successfully synthesized by using the face-to-face dinuclear platinum(II) ethynylpyridine complex [Pt(2)(mu-dppm)(2)(C[triple bond]CC(5)H(4)N)(4)] as the building block.

Several ruthenium(II) surfactants of general formula [Ru(bpy)(2)L](2+) [L = N-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,4-bis(tetradecyloxy)benzenamine, N-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,4-bis(octadecyloxy)benzenamine, 9-(3,4-bis(tetradecyloxy)benzenamino)-4,5-diazafluorene, 9-(4-(tetradecyloxy)-4'-azabenzenamino)-4,5-diazafluorene, 4,7-dinonadecyl-1,10-phenanthroline] and [Ru(L)(3)](2+) (L = 4,7-dinonadecyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, UV-vis, luminescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Their Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film formation properties and surface pressure-area (pi-A) isotherms were also studied. Two complexes were found to show second-harmonic-generation (SHG) behavior.