1. Cutting Edge: Serum but Not Mucosal Antibody Responses Are Associated with Pre-Existing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Cross-Reactive CD4 + T Cells following BNT162b2 Vaccination in the Elderly.
- Author
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Meyer-Arndt L, Schwarz T, Loyal L, Henze L, Kruse B, Dingeldey M, Gürcan K, Uyar-Aydin Z, Müller MA, Drosten C, Paul F, Sander LE, Demuth I, Lauster R, Giesecke-Thiel C, Braun J, Corman VM, and Thiel A
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19 immunology, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin A blood, Immunoglobulin A immunology, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Homes, Saliva immunology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology, Vaccination, Vaccine Efficacy, Young Adult, Aging immunology, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Viral blood, BNT162 Vaccine immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
- Abstract
Advanced age is a main risk factor for severe COVID-19. However, low vaccination efficacy and accelerated waning immunity have been reported in this age group. To elucidate age-related differences in immunogenicity, we analyzed human cellular, serological, and salivary SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-specific immune responses to the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in old (69-92 y) and middle-aged (24-57 y) vaccinees compared with natural infection (COVID-19 convalescents, 21-55 y of age). Serological humoral responses to vaccination excee-ded those of convalescents, but salivary anti-spike subunit 1 (S1) IgA and neutralizing capacity were less durable in vaccinees. In old vaccinees, we observed that pre-existing spike-specific CD4
+ T cells are associated with efficient induction of anti-S1 IgG and neutralizing capacity in serum but not saliva. Our results suggest pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells as a predictor of an efficient COVID-19 vaccine-induced humoral immune response in old individuals., (Copyright © 2022 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.)- Published
- 2022
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