1. A systematic approach to simultaneously evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of novel tuberculosis vaccination strategies.
- Author
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Muruganandah V, Sathkumara HD, Pai S, Rush CM, Brosch R, Waardenberg AJ, and Kupz A
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Injections, Spinal, Injections, Subcutaneous, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenicity, Patient Safety, Research Design, Treatment Outcome, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary immunology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary pathology, Vaccines, Synthetic, BCG Vaccine administration & dosage, Immunization, Secondary methods, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control, Vaccination methods
- Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest infectious disease worldwide. Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, affords variable protection against TB but remains the gold standard. BCG improvement is focused around three strategies: recombinant BCG strains, heterologous routes of administration, and booster vaccination. It is currently unknown whether combining these strategies is beneficial. The preclinical evaluation for new TB vaccines is heavily skewed toward immunogenicity and efficacy; however, safety and efficacy are the dominant considerations in human use. To facilitate stage gating of TB vaccines, we developed a simple empirical model to systematically rank vaccination strategies by integrating multiple measurements of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. We assessed 24 vaccination regimens, composed of three BCG strains and eight combinations of delivery. The model presented here highlights that mucosal booster vaccination may cause adverse outcomes and provides a much needed strategy to evaluate and rank data obtained from TB vaccine studies using different routes, strains, or animal models., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).)
- Published
- 2020
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