20 results on '"Ton, N"'
Search Results
2. An atlas of intratumoral T cells.
- Author
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van der Leun, Anne M. and Schumacher, Ton N.
- Subjects
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T cells , *TUMORS , *CANCER , *ANTIGENS - Abstract
The article discusses Intratumoral T cell composition. Topics including capacity of T cells to recognize and eliminate tumor cells forms the mechanistic basis for the activity of immune checkpoint; continuous antigen exposure forms a major driver of T cell dysfunction; analysis of T cells and other immune cell types appears attractive because cross-talk between immune cell subsets likely explains part of the diversity in T cell states observed.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy.
- Author
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Schumacher, Ton N. and Schreiber, Robert D.
- Subjects
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CANCER immunotherapy , *IMMUNE response , *T cells , *ANTIGENS , *SOMATIC mutation , *MAJOR histocompatibility complex - Abstract
The clinical relevance of T cells in the control of a diverse set of human cancers is now beyond doubt. However, the nature of the antigens that allow the immune system to distinguish cancer cells from noncancer cells has long remained obscure. Recent technological innovations have made it possible to dissect the immune response to patient-specific neoantigens that arise as a consequence of tumor-specific mutations, and emerging data suggest that recognition of such neoantigens is a major factor in the activity of clinical immunotherapies. These observations indicate that neoantigen load may form a biomarker in cancer immunotherapy and provide an incentive for the development of novel therapeutic approaches that selectively enhance T cell reactivity against this class of antigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Adoptive cellular therapy: A race to the finish line.
- Author
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June, Carl H., Riddell, Stanley R., and Schumacher, Ton N.
- Subjects
CELL culture ,GENETIC engineering ,T cells ,IMMUNE system ,SYNTHETIC biology ,CELLULAR therapy - Abstract
The article focuses on advances in cell culture and genetic engineering have made it possible to generate human T cells and enhanced functionalities compared with the natural immune system. It mentions principles of synthetic biology and enhanced functionalities compared with the natural immune system and opportunities and including personalized gene-modified T cells. It also mentions adoptive cellular therapy and personalized gene-modified T cells.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy broadens the melanoma-reactive CD8+ T cell response.
- Author
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Kvistborg, Pia, Philips, Daisy, Kelderman, Sander, Hageman, Lois, Ottensmeier, Christian, Joseph-Pietras, Deborah, Welters, Marij J. P., van der Burg, Sjoerd, Kapiteijn, Ellen, Michielin, Olivier, Romano, Emanuela, Linnemann, Carsten, Speiser, Daniel, Blank, Christian, Haanen, John B., and Schumacher, Ton N.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Intravital Microscopy Through an Abdominal Imaging Window Reveals a Pre-Micrometastasis Stage During Liver Metastasis.
- Author
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Ritsma, Laila, Steller, Ernst J. A., Beerling, Evelyne, Loomans, Cindy J. M., Zomer, Anoek, Gerlach, Carmen, Vrisekoop, Nienke, Seinstra, Daniëlle, van Gurp, Leon, Schäfer, Ronny, Raats, Daniëlle A., de Graaff, Anko, Schumacher, Ton N., de Koning, Eelco J. P., Rinkes, Inne H. Borel, Kranenburg, Onno, and van Rheenen, Jacco
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer.
- Author
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Schumacher, Ton N. and Thommen, Daniela S.
- Subjects
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LYMPHOID tissue , *IMMUNITY , *INFLAMMATION , *AUTOIMMUNE diseases , *CANCER - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) being organized aggregates of immune cells forming postnatally in nonlymphoid tissues. Topics include arising in the context of chronic inflammation such as in autoimmune disease, chronic infection, and cancer; and tumor-specific T and B cell immunity inducing some of the molecular factors required for TLS formation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Identification of D-peptide ligands through mirror-image phage display.
- Author
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Schumacher, Ton N. M. and Mayr, Lorenz M.
- Subjects
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MACROMOLECULES , *LIGAND binding (Biochemistry) - Abstract
Provides data to suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicate that the binding site for the D-peptide partially overlaps the site for the physiological ligands of this domain. The usefulness of genetically encoded libraries of peptides and oligonucleotides for identification of ligands for many macromolecules.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Targeting of cancer neoantigens with donor-derived T cell receptor repertoires.
- Author
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Strønen, Erlend, Toebes, Mireille, Kelderman, Sander, van Buuren, Marit M., Weiwen Yang, van Rooij, Nienke, Donia, Marco, Böschen, Maxi-Lu, Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof, Olweus, Johanna, and Schumacher, Ton N.
- Subjects
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T cells , *CANCER immunotherapy , *IMMUNOTHERAPY , *LEUCOCYTES , *ANTIGENS - Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that clinically efficacious cancer immunotherapies are driven by T cell reactivity against DNA mutation-derived neoantigens. However, among the large number of predicted neoantigens, only a minority is recognized by autologous patient Tcells, and strategies to broaden neoantigen-specific Tcell responses are therefore attractive. We found that naïve T cell repertoires of healthy blood donors provide a source of neoantigen-specific T cells, responding to 11 of 57 predicted human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01-binding epitopes from three patients. Many of the T cell reactivities involved epitopes that in vivo were neglected by patient autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Finally, T cells redirected with T cell receptors identified from donor-derived T cells efficiently recognized patient-derived melanoma cells harboring the relevant mutations, providing a rationale for the use of such "outsourced" immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Functional heterogeneity of human memory CD4+ T cell clones primed by pathogens or vaccines.
- Author
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Becattini, Simone, Latorre, Daniela, Mele, Federico, Foglierini, Mathilde, De Gregorio, Corinne, Cassotta, Antonino, Fernandez, Blanca, Kelderman, Sander, Schumacher, Ton N., Corti, Davide, Lanzavecchia, Antonio, and Sallusto, Federica
- Subjects
- *
T cell receptors , *T helper cells , *CELL polarity , *CD antigens , *CLONE cells , *HETEROGENEITY , *CANDIDA albicans , *HOST-fungus relationships - Abstract
Distinct types of CD4+ T cells protect the host against different classes of pathogens. However, it is unclear whether a given pathogen induces a single type of polarized T cell. By combining antigenic stimulation and T cell receptor deep sequencing, we found that human pathogen- and vaccine-specific T helper 1 (TH1), TH2, and TH17 memory cells have different frequencies but comparable diversity and comprise not only clones polarized toward a single fate, but also clones whose progeny have acquired multiple fates. Single naïve T cells primed by a pathogen in vitro could also give rise to multiple fates. Our results unravel an unexpected degree of interclonal and intraclonal functional heterogeneity of the human Tcell response and suggest that polarized responses result from preferential expansion rather than priming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Skin-resident memory CD8+ T cells trigger a state of tissue-wide pathogen alert.
- Author
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Ariotti, Silvia, Hogenbirk, Marc A., Dijkgraaf, Feline E., Visser, Lindy L., Hoekstra, Mirjam E., Ji-Ying Song, Jacobs, Heinz, Haanen, John B., and Schumacher, Ton N.
- Subjects
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T cells , *CD8 antigen , *MOLECULAR immune response , *IMMUNOLOGIC memory , *LYMPHOCYTE transformation , *HERPES simplex virus , *VIRUS diseases , *IMMUNOLOGY - Abstract
After an infection, pathogen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) persist in nonlymphoid tissues to provide rapid control upon reinfection, and vaccination strategies that create TRM cell pools at sites of pathogen entry are therefore attractive. However, it is not well understood how TRM cells provide such pathogen protection. Here, we demonstrate that activated TRM cells in mouse skin profoundly alter the local tissue environment by inducing a number of broadly active antiviral and antibacterial genes. This "pathogen alert" allows skin TRM cells to protect against an antigenically unrelated virus. These data describe a mechanism by which tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells protect previously infected sites that is rapid, amplifies the activation of a small number of cells into an organ-wide response, and has the capacity to control escape variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Heterogeneous Differentiation Patterns of Individual CD8+ T Cells.
- Author
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Gerlach, Carmen, Rohr, Jan C., Perié, Leïla, van Rooij, Nienke, van Heijst, Jeroen W. J., Velds, Arno, Urbanus, Jos, Naik, Shalin H., Jacobs, Heinz, Beltman, Joost B., de Boer, Rob J., and Schumacher, Ton N. M.
- Subjects
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CYTOLOGICAL research , *CD8 antigen , *T cells , *T cell differentiation , *CELL populations , *IMMUNE response , *MOLECULAR immune response - Abstract
Upon infection, antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte responses display a highly reproducible pattern of expansion and contraction that is thought to reflect a uniform behavior of individual cells. We tracked the progeny of individual mouse CD8+ T cells by in vivo lineage tracing and demonstrated that, even for T cells bearing identical T cell receptors, both clonal expansion and differentiation patterns are heterogeneous. As a consequence, individual naïve T lymphocytes contributed differentially to short- and long-term protection, as revealed by participation of their progeny during primary versus recall infections. The discordance in fate of individual naive T cells argues against asymmetric division as a singular driver of CD8+ T cell heterogeneity and demonstrates that reproducibility of CD8+ T cell responses is achieved through population averaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The "cancer immunogram".
- Author
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Blank, Christian U., Haanen, John B., Ribas, Antoni, and Schumacher, Ton N.
- Subjects
- *
CANCER research , *IMMUNE system , *TUMORS , *T cells , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
The article proposes a framework to describe the different interactions between cancer and the immune system in individual cases. Topics discussed include the outcome of cancer-immune interactions based on unrelated parameters such as tumor foreignness and T-cell-inhibitory mechanisms, immune cell infiltration, and absence of soluble inhibitors and inhibitory tumor metabolism.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Recruitment of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Response to Infection Is Markedly Efficient.
- Author
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Van Heijst, Jeroen W. J., Gerlach, Carmen, Swart, Erwin, Sie, Daoud, Kerkhoven, Ron M., Arens, Ramon, Correia-Neves, Margarida, Schepers, Koen, Schumacher, Ton N. M., and Nunes-Alves, Cláudio
- Subjects
- *
T cells , *INFECTION risk factors , *ANTIGENS , *CYTOLOGICAL research , *CLONE cells , *CELL proliferation - Abstract
The magnitude of antigen-specific CD8+T cell responses is not fixed but correlates with the severity of infection. Although by definition T cell response size is the product of both the capacity to recruit naïve T cells (clonal selection) and their subsequent proliferation (clonal expansion), it remains undefined how these two factors regulate antigen-specific T cell responses. We determined the relative contribution of recruitment and expansion by labeling naïve T cells with unique genetic tags and transferring them into mice. Under disparate infection conditions with different pathogens and doses, recruitment of antigen-specific T cells was near constant and close to complete. Thus, naïve T cell recruitment is highly efficient, and the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses is primarily controlled by clonal expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Antigen Bias in T Cell Cross-Priming.
- Author
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Wolkers, Monika C., Brouwenstijn, Nathalie, Bakker, Arnold H., Toebes, Mireille, and Schumachert, Ton N. M.
- Subjects
- *
CELLS , *MAJOR histocompatibility complex , *PEPTIDES , *PROTEINS , *IMMUNOGENETICS , *PLASMA cells - Abstract
Activated CD8[sup+] T cells detect virally infected cells and tumor cells by recognition of major histocompatibility complex class l-bound peptides derived from degraded, endogenously produced proteins. In contrast, CD8[sup+] T cell activation often occurs through interaction with specialized antigen-presenting cells displaying peptides acquired from an exogenous cellular source, a process termed crosspriming. Here, we observed a marked inefficiency in exogenous presentation of epitopes derived from signal sequences in mouse models. These data indicate that certain virus- and tumor-associated antigens may not be detected by CD8[sup+] T cells because of impaired cross-priming. Such differences in the ability to cross-present antigens should form important considerations in vaccine design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. CANCER IMMUNOLOGY. The "cancer immunogram".
- Author
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Blank CU, Haanen JB, Ribas A, and Schumacher TN
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating immunology, Macrophages immunology, Mice, Microbiota immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Tumor Escape immunology, Biomarkers, Tumor immunology, Immunotherapy methods, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms therapy, Precision Medicine methods
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.
- Author
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Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Snyder A, Kvistborg P, Makarov V, Havel JJ, Lee W, Yuan J, Wong P, Ho TS, Miller ML, Rekhtman N, Moreira AL, Ibrahim F, Bruggeman C, Gasmi B, Zappasodi R, Maeda Y, Sander C, Garon EB, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Schumacher TN, and Chan TA
- Subjects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung immunology, Cohort Studies, DNA Repair genetics, Disease-Free Survival, Humans, Lung Neoplasms immunology, Mutation, Smoking genetics, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung drug therapy, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung genetics, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm genetics, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which unleash a patient's own T cells to kill tumors, are revolutionizing cancer treatment. To unravel the genomic determinants of response to this therapy, we used whole-exome sequencing of non-small cell lung cancers treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). In two independent cohorts, higher nonsynonymous mutation burden in tumors was associated with improved objective response, durable clinical benefit, and progression-free survival. Efficacy also correlated with the molecular smoking signature, higher neoantigen burden, and DNA repair pathway mutations; each factor was also associated with mutation burden. In one responder, neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses paralleled tumor regression, suggesting that anti-PD-1 therapy enhances neoantigen-specific T cell reactivity. Our results suggest that the genomic landscape of lung cancers shapes response to anti-PD-1 therapy., (Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy broadens the melanoma-reactive CD8+ T cell response.
- Author
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Kvistborg P, Philips D, Kelderman S, Hageman L, Ottensmeier C, Joseph-Pietras D, Welters MJ, van der Burg S, Kapiteijn E, Michielin O, Romano E, Linnemann C, Speiser D, Blank C, Haanen JB, and Schumacher TN
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal immunology, Humans, Ipilimumab, Melanoma immunology, Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CTLA-4 Antigen immunology, Immunotherapy, Melanoma therapy
- Abstract
Anti-CTLA-4 treatment improves the survival of patients with advanced-stage melanoma. However, although the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab is now an approved treatment for patients with metastatic disease, it remains unknown by which mechanism it boosts tumor-specific T cell activity. In particular, it is unclear whether treatment amplifies previously induced T cell responses or whether it induces new tumor-specific T cell reactivities. Using a combination ultraviolet (UV)-induced peptide exchange and peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) combinatorial coding, we monitored immune reactivity against a panel of 145 melanoma-associated epitopes in a cohort of patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Comparison of pre- and posttreatment T cell reactivities in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of 40 melanoma patients demonstrated that anti-CTLA-4 treatment induces a significant increase in the number of detectable melanoma-specific CD8 T cell responses (P = 0.0009). In striking contrast, the magnitude of both virus-specific and melanoma-specific T cell responses that were already detected before start of therapy remained unaltered by treatment (P = 0.74). The observation that anti-CTLA-4 treatment induces a significant number of newly detected T cell responses-but only infrequently boosts preexisting immune responses-provides strong evidence for anti-CTLA-4 therapy-enhanced T cell priming as a component of the clinical mode of action., (Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Heterogeneous differentiation patterns of individual CD8+ T cells.
- Author
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Gerlach C, Rohr JC, Perié L, van Rooij N, van Heijst JW, Velds A, Urbanus J, Naik SH, Jacobs H, Beltman JB, de Boer RJ, and Schumacher TN
- Subjects
- Adoptive Transfer, Animals, Asymmetric Cell Division, Cell Lineage, Cell Proliferation, Immunophenotyping, Listeria monocytogenes, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Immunological, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell immunology, Single-Cell Analysis, Stochastic Processes, T-Lymphocyte Subsets cytology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes cytology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Cell Differentiation, Immunity, Cellular, Immunologic Memory, Listeriosis immunology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology
- Abstract
Upon infection, antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses display a highly reproducible pattern of expansion and contraction that is thought to reflect a uniform behavior of individual cells. We tracked the progeny of individual mouse CD8(+) T cells by in vivo lineage tracing and demonstrated that, even for T cells bearing identical T cell receptors, both clonal expansion and differentiation patterns are heterogeneous. As a consequence, individual naïve T lymphocytes contributed differentially to short- and long-term protection, as revealed by participation of their progeny during primary versus recall infections. The discordance in fate of individual naïve T cells argues against asymmetric division as a singular driver of CD8(+) T cell heterogeneity and demonstrates that reproducibility of CD8(+) T cell responses is achieved through population averaging.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Recruitment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in response to infection is markedly efficient.
- Author
-
van Heijst JW, Gerlach C, Swart E, Sie D, Nunes-Alves C, Kerkhoven RM, Arens R, Correia-Neves M, Schepers K, and Schumacher TN
- Subjects
- Adoptive Transfer, Ampicillin therapeutic use, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Antigens, Viral immunology, Dendritic Cells immunology, Epitopes immunology, Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha, Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta, Influenza A virus immunology, Listeriosis drug therapy, Lymphocyte Count, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Molecular Sequence Data, Orthomyxoviridae Infections immunology, Ovalbumin immunology, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta chemistry, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta immunology, Spleen immunology, Vaccinia immunology, Antigens immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Listeriosis immunology, Lymphocyte Activation, Virus Diseases immunology
- Abstract
The magnitude of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses is not fixed but correlates with the severity of infection. Although by definition T cell response size is the product of both the capacity to recruit naïve T cells (clonal selection) and their subsequent proliferation (clonal expansion), it remains undefined how these two factors regulate antigen-specific T cell responses. We determined the relative contribution of recruitment and expansion by labeling naïve T cells with unique genetic tags and transferring them into mice. Under disparate infection conditions with different pathogens and doses, recruitment of antigen-specific T cells was near constant and close to complete. Thus, naïve T cell recruitment is highly efficient, and the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses is primarily controlled by clonal expansion.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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