1. High-altitude observations of the polar wind
- Author
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Moore, T.E., Chappell, C.R., Chandler, M.O., Craven, P.D., Giles, B.L., Pollock, C.J., Burch, J.L., Young, D.T., Waite, Jr., J.H., Nordholt, J.E., Thomsen, M.F., McComas, D.J., Berthelier, J.J., Williamson, W.S., Robson, R., and Mozer, F.S.
- Subjects
Tropospheric circulation ,Polar regions ,Polar vortex -- Observations ,Science and technology ,Observations - Abstract
Plasma outflows, escaping from Earth through the high-altitude polar caps into the tail of the magnetosphere, have been observed with a xenon plasma source instrument to reduce the floating potential of the POLAR spacecraft. The largest component of H + flow, along the local magnetic field (30 to 60 kilometers per second), is faster than predicted by theory. The flows contain more [O.sup.+] than predicted by theories of thermal polar wind but also have elevated ion temperatures. These plasma outflows contribute to the plasmas energized in the elongated nightside tail of the magnetosphere, creating auroras, substorms, and storms. They also constitute an appreciable loss of terrestrial water dissociation products into space., Polar outflows of Earth's ionospheric plasma, or 'polar wind,' were punningly named (1) by analogy to the solar wind. The ionosphere has an even higher ratio of plasma thermal speed [...]
- Published
- 1997