1. Leveraging the Immune System during Chemotherapy: Moving Calreticulin to the Cell Surface Converts Apoptotic Death from 'Silent' to Immunogenic
- Author
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François Ghiringhelli, Guido Kroemer, Michel Obeid, N Joza, Antoine Tesniere, Laurence Zitvogel, Lionel Apetoh, Roberta Tufi, and Theocharis Panaretakis
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cell ,Apoptosis ,Models, Biological ,Immune system ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Chemotherapy ,Cell Death ,biology ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Apoptotic death ,Biomarker ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Immune System ,Antigens, Surface ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Calreticulin - Abstract
In contrast to prior belief, tumor cell apoptosis is not necessarily silent but can be immunogenic. By tracing how anthracyclines and γ-irradiation trigger immunogenic cell deaths, we found that they were causally connected to the exposure of calreticulin on the tumor cell surface, before apoptosis in the tumor cell itself occurred. Furthermore, we showed that calreticulin exposure was necessary and sufficient to increase proimmunogenic killing by other chemotherapies. Our findings suggest that calreticulin could serve as a biomarker to predict therapy-associated immune responses, and that tactics to expose calreticulin might improve the clinical efficacy of many cancer therapies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):7941–4]
- Published
- 2007
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