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Purpose : We investigated the effect of drop-set (DS) and rest-pause (RP) systems compared to traditional (TRAD) resistance training on muscular adaptations and psychophysiological responses. Methods : Twenty-seven trained men (age: 23.4 ± 3.4 years; resistance training experience: 5.1 ± 1.7 years) were assigned to experimental groups (DS: n = 9, 3 × 10 repetitions at 75% with 6 additional repetitions at 55% 1RM; RP: n = 9, 3 × 16 repetitions at 75% 1RM; TRAD: n = 9, 4 × 12 repetitions at 70% 1RM) and performed lower-limb training sessions twice a week for 8 weeks. Maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and localized muscular endurance (LME) tests were performed in 45° leg press at baseline and post intervention. Session-RPE was assessed 15 min after the end of each training session. Results : A significant time vs. group interaction was observed for 1RM ( p = .012) and LME ( p < .0001). Post hoc comparisons revealed that RP elicited greater gains in muscular strength than DS ( p = .044) but not TRAD ( p = .116); and DS elicited greater LME than RP ( p < .001) and TRAD ( p = .001). No statistical differences were observed in Session-RPE and training strain between conditions; however, RP promoted higher training monotony ( p = .036) than DS and TRAD. Conclusions : The DS and RP systems have a potential role in training programs aiming to promote muscle strength and localized muscular endurance adaptations, respectively. However, RP may promote higher training monotony than DS and TRAD, even though the other psychophysiological responses are similar.