1. Comparison of BMI, AHI, and Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE-ε4) Alleles among Sleep Apnea Patients with Different Skeletal Classifications
- Author
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Xiuhua Ding, James K. Hartsfield, Joseph E. Van Sickels, Jason J. Roedig, G. Thomas Kluemper, Lorri A. Morford, David W. Fardo, G. Falcão-Alencar, and Barbara Phillips
- Subjects
Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Apolipoprotein E ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Apolipoprotein E4 ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Facial Bones ,Body Mass Index ,Sleep Apnea Syndromes ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Allele ,Alleles ,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,Sleep apnea ,New Research ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,body regions ,Obstructive sleep apnea ,Convex facial profile ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,Case-Control Studies ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Body mass index ,Malocclusion - Abstract
This case-control study investigated whether variations within the APOE-ε gene were associated with having a convex facial profile (skeletal Class II) compared to exhibiting a straight or concave facial profile (Class I or Class III) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Associations between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and body mass index (BMI) scores for these OSA patients were also examined in the context of facial profile.OSA patients with an AHI ≥ 15 were recruited from a sleep clinic and classified by facial and dental occlusal relationships based on a profile facial analysis, lateral photographs, and dental examination. Saliva was collected as a source of DNA. The APOE-ε1-4 allele-defining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs429358 and rs7412 were genotyped. A χ(2) analysis was used to assess Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and for association analysis (significance at p0.05). ANOVA and Fisher exact test were also used.Seventy-six Caucasian OSA patients participated in the study-25 Class II cases and 51 non-Class II cases. There was no association of the APOE-ε4 allele with facial profile among these OSA patients. Class II OSA patients had significantly lower BMIs (30.7 ± 5.78) than Class I (37.3 ± 6.14) or Class III (37.8 ± 6.17) patients (p0.001), although there was no statistical difference in AHI for Class II patients compared with other groups.OSA patients with Class II convex profile were more likely to have a lower BMI than those in other skeletal groups. In fact 20% of them were not obese, suggesting that a Class II convex profile may influence or be associated with OSA development independent of BMI.
- Published
- 2014
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