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Background: The gallstones are common health problem across the world with huge financial burden on health authorities. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with risk of gallstones disease (GSD). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes and associated risk factors in Sudanese patients with gallstones. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study, enrolled patients with gallstones attending Ibn Sina Specialized Teaching Hospital for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases. A structured questionnaire was applied, anthropometric measures were taken, and blood tested for HbA1c, fasting glucose and lipid profile. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total number of 151 participants were recruited in the study, 71 of them were ultrasound confirmed GSD patients, and the other 80 were controls without GSD over a period of six months. The prevalence of the MetS and diabetes was 30% and 23.9% respectively. Borderline diabetes was 16.9% and overweight and obesity constituted more than half of the sample 59.6%. Using Chi-Square test, a statistically significant association was found between MetS and HDL, TG, LDL level, waist circumference and blood pressure (BP). Absolute predictors and the risk factors for gallstone disease were waist circumference, age, HbA1c and LDL. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS and diabetes among gallstone patients was 30% and 23.9% respectively. Absolute predictors and the risk factors for gallstone disease were waist circumference, age, HbA1c and LDL.

Background: Increasing knowledge and self-care practices may lead to adequate glycemic control and decrease diabetes complications. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine the knowledge and self-care activities among Sudanese individuals with diabetes. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four centers of diabetes in Khartoum state (286 participants). The respondents were interviewed using a set of validated questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Among 286 of individuals with diabetes, 43.4% were males and 56.6% females. Regarding knowledge, 19±5.145 was obtained as the median of total score of knowledge and 51.4% consider had sufficient knowledge about diabetes, and its complication, while 48.6% had insufficient knowledge. The respondent’s practice towards self-care activity in regards to foot examination, inspection of shoes and diet was acceptable (56.0%, 59.0%, 66.0%) respectively. But their practice towards exercise and eye examination was insufficient (47.0%, 45.1%) respectively. There was a significant association between knowledge and hypertension (HTN), patient that received education before staring treatment for diabetes and the patient that tells the health care provider about diabetes before taking any other medication. There was a significant association between the mean score of knowledge and the name of centers, education level and duration of diabetes. Importantly, no association was found between knowledge with the Frequency of meeting health care provider. Conclusions: The overall knowledge of Sudanese individuals with diabetes towards diabetes was sufficient and their practice towards self-care activity was acceptable. Clinical and community pharmacists may have role in increasing knowledge and practice of diabetes.