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Afatinib, the second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has been postulated to be associated with improved inhibition of EGFR-dependent tumor growth compared with first-generation EGFR-TKIs for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We present a case of lung adenocarcinoma (cT3N0M0) treated with neoadjuvant afatinib and sleeve lobectomy. Because of the location of the tumor, reduced FEV1 value, and the presence of EGFR mutation, the patient was planned to be prescribed afatinib (30 mg daily) for 3 weeks as neoadjuvant therapy and underwent sleeve lobectomy to avoid pneumonectomy as much as possible. Although the patient presented with grade 3 diarrhea and dose reduction of afatinib to 20 mg daily was needed, several image findings showed a partial response of the tumor on Day 20. Oral administration of afatinib was discontinued on Day 22. A right upper sleeve lobectomy combined with partial resection of lower lobe was performed after oral administration of afatinib on Day 24. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful and she has been free of recurrence for 26 months. This strategy could reduce the risk of pneumonectomy with acceptable side effects. The treatment, clinical course and pathological findings of the patient are discussed.