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High levels of lipids in saliva are associated with high decay because they have adverse effects on the protective role of saliva. Our goal is to investigate the level of saliva cholesterol and triglyceride in type 2 diabetic patients and to determine the relationship between these saliva parameters and the status of dental decay. In this casecontrol study, a total 100 patients with diabetes, 50 with high triglycerides and cholesterol and 50 with normal range of these parameters (control) participated in the study. Both groups had at least 22 teeth. Non-stimulated saliva was collected from each individual for 5 minutes. All five tooth surfaces were examined for decay and DMFT of patients was recorded. According to the analysis, there was a significant relationship between serum cholesterol and saliva cholesterol, and also between serum triglyceride and saliva triglyceride. Carbohydrate, FBS, and HbA1c showed a relationship with years of having diabetes mellitus, but salivary cholesterol did not related to age of patients. Salivary triglyceride had a significant relationship only with years of having diabetes not with FBS, HbA1C and age of patients, also decay had a significant relationship with the age of the patients, and years of having diabetes, but it did not have relationship with blood glucose levels. In the study group, salivary cholesterol and DMFT showed a significant relationship, however, saliva triglyceride was not associated with DMFT in study and control group. In our study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between decay, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and salivary cholesterol, but this relationship was not found between salivary triglyceride and decay. more...