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A modified three-dimensional Ising model that considers the contribution from the depolarization field is used to study polarization switching in thin ferroelectric films. The effect the film thickness and the depolarization field have on the strength of the coercive field and the shape of dielectric hysteresis curve is studied.

This paper presents the results of the development and testing of an automatic classification system for scientific texts that provides the functionality to determine the topic of texts by three classification schemes in batch and dialog modes. The structural and functional components, the methods used to assess the quality of classification, the teaching methodology, the selection of the optimal classification model, and the main areas for the introduction of an automatic classifier in the processing of electronic document flow at the VINITI RAS are described.

In his recent paper published in Vestnik St. Petersburg University, Ser. Mathematics, V.V. Petrov found new sufficient conditions for the fulfillment of the strong law of large numbers for sequences of random variables stationary in the broad sense. These conditions are expressed in terms of second moments. In this paper, by using the ergodic theorem, similar problems are solved for sequences of random variables stationary in the narrow sense. In the absence of second moments, the statements of conditions involve the truncated second moments of truncated random variables. At the end of the paper, an example of a stationary sequence of random variables which is not ergodic but obeys the strong law of large numbers is given.

A theory of the dynamic properties of surface and bulk polymer structures with dipolar-type order on the level of rigid kinetic units is developed that allows us to establish the relationship between the parameters of inter- and intrachain interactions and the characteristics of orientation order on the one hand, and relaxation properties on the other.

This paper gives the history of the origin of citations in scientific literature and reveals the causes of the origin of different referencing styles. Modern methods for working with references in scientific technical literature are described. The role of network technologies in preparing scientific publications is pointed out.

A study aimed at improving the methods of remote laser polarimetry of inhomogeneous surfaces using complex probe signals with a combined amplitude-phase and polarization modulation has been performed. It is shown that the informative properties of probe signals can be improved that potentially allows for carrying out some operations of forming and processing polarization images of objects in the probe stage. The efficiency of application of the proposed probe signals for recognizing various types of materials is experimentally confirmed.

An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described.

blishing in a digital society are analyzed. The concept of the e-book is described. The role and functions of publishing houses focused on the publication of scientific literature are reviewed. The differences between the use of copyrights for scientific literature and all other types of publications are specified. In those cases where the government contributes to the funding of scientific literature through research foundations, it is proposed to limit the role of publishing houses to technical functions related to layout design and thus ensure the subsequent inclusion of scientific publications in open free access. The possibility of expanding the list of scientific literature items that can be supported publicly is justified. The need to legally support the digitalization of scientific literature published in the Soviet Union and its subsequent inclusion into open access is discusse.

Considered are the problems of substantiating and working out a system of monitoring of major climate-forming factors (greenhouse gases, ozone, aerosol, and water vapor) in the middle atmosphere (CFMA) of the Earth. A concept is presented and a description is given of the block-scheme of CFMA monitoring implemented in the form of information analytical system. Presented are some data on the latitudinal distribution of ozone, its long-term variations, and interrelation between ozone and methane in the lower stratosphere.

The current details of publishing in the scientific and technological field are analyzed. Attention is paid to the reinforcement of the information noise that accompanies administrative approaches to the improvement of the citation index. The roles and functions of publishers that deal with scientific-journal literature are investigated. The need for a strict ranking of scientific publications based on their scientific value established through high-quality peer review, as well as the difficulties in the organization of peer-review work, are highlighted. The possibility of organizing a centralized peer review of scholarly journal publications on the basis of peer-review centers is presented and discussed. It is assumed that this will help to eliminate one of the major barriers to open access to scientific articles.

The thermophysical parameters (thermal diffusivity χ, heat conductivity λ, thermal expansion, and specific heat c p coefficients) of single crystals from the langasite family are investigated in the basic crystallographic directions of X, Y, and Z in temperature range of 300 to 1300 K. The temperature dependences of the parameters are determined. It is found that their anisotropy decreases with temperature.

A search for the β+β+, β+/EC, and EC/EC decays of 106Cd was performed at the Modane Underground Laboratory (France) located at a depth of 4800 m w.e. using a TGV-2 multidetector germanium spectrometer. A preliminary evaluation is performed of the experimental data accumulated during the measurements (12 900 h) of ∼13.6 g of 106Cd (with an enrichment of 75%) and the spectrometer background without samples and with samples of natural Cd. New limits (at a 90% confidence level) of half-lives are obtained: T 1/2 ⩾ 1.7 × 1020 yr and T 1/2 ⩾ 1.6 × 1020 yr for the 0νEC/EC resonant decay of 106Cd to the 2741 keV and 2718 keV excited states of the daughter nucleus 106Pd and T 1/2 ⩾ 4.2 × 1020 yr for the 2νEC/EC decay to the ground state of 106Pd (0+ → 0+, g.s.). The limits for other branches of the double beta decay of 106Cd with transitions to the ground and excited states of 106Pd are improved.

Let ξ = {ξ1, ξ2, ...} be a sequence of independent, spherically symmetric, identically distributed multivariate random vectors such that the condition $$\left( {\left| \xi \right| > x} \right) \to x^{ - \alpha } L^\alpha$$ is satisfied for some α > 0, α ≠ 1; here, L > 0 is a constant.

The influence of the thermal processes inside of SF6 gas-insulated equipment for the error of reading the gas-density sensor was examined. An analysis of these thermal processes and the fulfilled experiments enabled us estimate the possible errors of the reading of the gas-density sensor. Algorithms for calculating the errors in reading the gas-density sensor were suggested that use modern processing technology. An analysis of this calculation method was carried out for different conditions.

An investigation of double beta decay (β+β+, β+/EC, EC/EC) of 106Cd was performed at the Modane underground laboratory (at a water equivalent depth of 4800 m) using a TGV-2 spectrometer with 32 detectors. Evaluation of the experimental data accumulated over 12 400 h of measuring ∼13.6 g of 106Cd with an enrichment of 75% was performed. New limits (at a confidence level of 90%) on the half-lives of the 0νEC/EC resonant decay of 106Cd to the 2741 keV excited state of 106Pd − T1/2 ≥ 1.5 × 1020 y and on 2νEC/EC decay to the ground state of 106Pd (0+ → 0+, g.s.) − T1/2 ≥ 3.9 × 1020 y were obtained. The limits of the 2νEC/EC decay of 106Cd to the 2+, 512 keV and 01+, 1334 keV excited states of 106Pd and 2νβ+β+- and the 2νβ+EC decays of 106Cd to the ground and excited states of 106Pd were improved.

The energy and time spectra of γ rays emitted during negative-muon capture in 150Sm were studied. The total muon lifetime in 150Sm was measured. The yields of several radioactive isotopes in this reaction were determined. The partial γ-ray yield upon muon capture by a 150Sm nucleus were measured.

Operational experience with the automatic control system for the desulfurization of coke-oven gas at OAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat is considered. This system was designed by Krupp-Koppers. Problems with the control system are analyzed—in particular, problems typical of control systems with feedback and photometric instruments. In practice, perturbation-based automatic control systems are more likely to ensure reliable and stable operation of the desulfurization system, if the operator periodically corrects the parameters in the control algorithm on the basis of independent monitoring of the process.

This paper considers a subsystem for the management of working hours during the operation of automated technology for processing information about the scientific activities of the VINITI RAS, the goals and tasks of this subsystem, and the methods of their solution, as well as forms of presentation of the results. It describes an automated system for processing the information about the scientific activities of the VINITI RAS as the major source of input data for a system for the management of the work hours of personnel, i.e., a subsystem for gathering statistics and salary estimation for the workers of the VINITI RAS who are employed in the processing of information about scientific activities.

The studies aimed at decreasing the background of the TGV-2 spectrometer have led to constructive changes in the cryostat and increased the sensitivity of the 32-detector spectrometer. New search for 0νEC/EC, 2νEC/EC) decays of 106Cd was started with ∼13.6 g of 106Cd with enrichment of 75%. The evaluation of the experimental data accumulated for 4800 h was performed. Limits (at 90% CL) on the half-lives of 0νEC/EC resonant decay of 106Cd to the 2741 keV excited state of 106Pd (T1/2 ≥ 6.5 × 1019 y) and on t 2νEC/EC decay to the ground state of 106Pd (0+ → 0+, g.s.) (T1/2 ≥ 1.7 × 1020 y) were obtained. The limits on the other branches of 106Cd decay—2νEC/EC decay to the 2+, 512 keV and 01+, 1334 keV excited states of 106Pd and 2νβ+β+ and 2νβ+EC decays of 106Cd to the ground and excited states of 106Pd were improved.

Search for the β+β+, β+ EC, and EC/EC modes of the 106Cd decay was carried out with the TGV-2 (Telescope Germanium Vertical) low-background multidetector spectrometer installed at the Modane underground laboratory (4800 m w.e.). The measured foil samples ∼50 μm thick and 52 mm in diameter were placed between the entrance windows of the neighboring detectors inside the cryostat. The total measurement time for 10 g of 106Cd enriched to 75% was 8687 h. New limits (at the 90% confidence level, CL) were obtained for the 106Cd half-lives against various branches of the decay to the ground state 0+ and excited states 2+ of the 106Pd daughter nucleus. They are T 1/2(2νβ+β+) ≥ 6.0 × 1019 y, and T 1/2(2νβ+ EC) ≥ 5.9 × 1019 y, and T 1/2(2νEC/EC) ≥ 3.0 × 1020 y for the transitions to the 0+ ground state of 106Pd; T 1/2(2νβ+β+) ≥ 5.7 × 1019 y, T 1/2(2νβ+ EC) ≥ 5.9 × 1019 y, and T 1/2(2νEC/EC) ≥ 4.2 × 1019 y for the transitions to the 2+, 512-keV excited state of 106Pd; and T 1/2(2νEC/EC) ≥ 3.1 × 1019 y for the transition to the 0 1 + , 1334-keV excited state of 106Pd.

Energy and time spectra of γ rays following nuclear capture of negative muons in natural Se and Cd and isotopically enriched 76Se and 106Cd targets have been measured with HPGe detectors. Total muon lifetimes in Se and Cd isotopes and partial μ capture rates to excited levels of 76As and 106Ag are obtained. These results are necessary for calculation of nuclear matrix elements of the 2β decay of 76Ge and 106Cd respectively.

The pilot issue of the data collection of the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Industry of Nanosystems and Nanomaterials” gives an approximate view of the state of this field of science at the beginning of 2007. The topics of articles in the pilot issue are analyzed. The directions of development of nanotechnologies are shown. The basic types of nanomaterials, the methods of their production, and their properties and applications are given.

The results of an investigation of the thermophysical properties of the Chasovyar clay-schungite composition are presented. This composition, in addition to previous studies, is recommended for bulk power resistors.

The time and energy spectra of γ rays, accompanying negative muon capture in a 40Ar target, have been measured using Ge detectors. The results of measuring the muon lifetime in 40Ar and yields of different Cl and S isotopes at μ capture are reported.