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Tribological characteristics of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-based compositions with graphite and molybdenum disulfide are studied under conditions of dry friction, boundary lubrication, and abrasive wear. It is shown that, under dry sliding friction, the wear rate of UHMWPE-graphite and UHMWPE-MoS2 polymer compositions is halved as compared to that of pure UHMWP, while their mechanical characteristics change only slightly. Under the conditions of abrasive wear, the wear resistance of these composites increases by 1.3–1.5 times. Concentrations of the fillers, which are optimum for improving the wear resistance, are determined. The supramolecular structure and the topography of worn surfaces of the UHMWPE compositions with various concentrations of the fillers are examined. A comparative analysis of the wear resistance of the composites under conditions of dry friction and lubrication is carried out. Mechanisms of the wear of the UHMWPE-graphite and UHMWPE-MoS2 polymer compositions under conditions of dry sliding friction and abrasive wear are discussed.

The structural modification on friction with boundary lubrication is considered for 110Γ13 steel with and without impact ultrasound treatment. The change in fine structure of the surface and near-surface layers is analyzed on the basis of transmission electron microscopy. The differences in wear of the treated and untreated samples are interpreted.

The structural modification and change of wear resistance on friction with boundary lubrication is considered for 110Γ13 steel with and without impact ultrasound treatment. The deformational relief formed on the lateral surface of the samples in compression and in frictional loading is found to be the same. On that basis, the factors responsible for the change in wear resistance are discussed.