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The advantages of the melt technique for the synthesis of superconducting materials are shown in comparison with the solid phase technique. Glass crystal precursors of the Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca(n – 1)CunOy series (n = 2–20) synthesized with SFAQ-T (Super Fast Alloys Quenching) technology under the influence of concentrated solar energy are used to produce superconducting Bi/Pb phases with increased superconducting transition temperatures.

The phase composition and superconducting properties of high-temperature superconductors of homologous series of Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca n − 1Cu n O y (n = 4−9) based on amorphous precursors obtained under the influence of solar energy was studied. The formation of structural defects was established, and their relation with the increase in the temperature of the superconducting transition up to 181 K was assumed.

The phase composition of composite ceramic based on aluminum titanate and additives synthesized by concentrated solar radiation by means of solid phase reactions and by the induction method is investigated. It is revealed that the additives positively influence the sample’s mechanical properties.

The mechanical properties of an aluminum titanate-based ceramic are increased by decreasing the grain growth kinetic of the initial material, which is synthesized by melting in a solar furnace. The thermomechanical properties are improved if the following additives are introduced: mullite, spinel, and a eutectic of Al2O3-ZrO2.

The possibility of obtaining superconducting phases in compositions Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Cax − 1CuxOy (x = 4, 5, 7, 9) with increased Ca and Cu content from amorphous precursors that are obtained under the action of concentrated sunlight is investigated. It is established that the temperature of formation of the superconducting phases decreases with increase of the Ca and Cu content.

Investigated is the possibility of synthesis of cubic silicon carbide from silica earth minerals (quartzite and quartz sand) by exposure to intense solar radiation. The influence of the intensity of the solar radiation flux on the silicon carbide formation process is studied in detail.

The properties in isostructural and isostoichiometric series of monotitanates and dititanates of the rare earth elements (REE), titanates with structure of pseudobrookite type, and solid solutions with fluorite structure based on ZrO2 and HfO2 are investigated. The differences determined by molten phase synthesis via the action of concentrated solar radiation are shown. It is proposed that ozone and excited valence electrons, i.e., the factors caused by concentrated solar radiation, influence the phase composition and properties of these oxide compounds.

The crystallization of the amorphous precursors BSCCO 2234, 2245, obtained by rapid quenching of a melt exposed to concentrated solar radiation, has been investigated. The formation of the 2223 and 2234 superconducting phases in the synthesis has been established.

The moldability and sinterability of the experimental chamotte specimens with the addition of Angrensk clay are examined. Data are presented on the deformation phenomena after sintering at 1150 to 1450°C. The thermal resistance and the strength of the specimens are studied, and also the effectiveness of the use of protective coatings with the addition of corundum that is obtained in the Big Solar Furnace. Conclusions are drawn on the possible use of these materials in the mixers of the glass smelting furnaces.

The possibility of synthesis of alumino magnesium silicate (MgO-Al2O3-SiO2) on a Big Solar Furnace is demonstrated. Thermomechanical properties of ceramics based on it are investigated. The obtained material has high mechanical and dielectric properties, and spark-resistant electrical insulating products can be produced from it.

A unit for integrated studies of mechanical properties and crystal structure of ceramics under different conditions is considered.

The properties of the spherulites based on aluminum oxide, mullite, and zirconium dioxide that are obtained by melting and subsequent quenching in a 1000 kW solar furnace are studied. These spherulites are hollow. The thickness of the wall of the sphere is determined by the quenching rate. The microstructure of the spherulites that are based on aluminum oxide consists of crystallites of cubic form, the microstructure of the spherulites that are based on zirconium dioxide consists of micrograins of rounded form. The hardness and the elastic properties exceed the known values for the electrically melted materials that are based on corundum and zirconium dioxide.

The possibility of obtaining basalt mineral fibers using concentrating solar power and melt-quench technique is shown. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of basalt fibers are analyzed.