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Background and aims Respiratory infections are expressed very soon in the life in humoral immunodeficiencies and often lead to chronic irreversible complications such as bronchiectasis and chronic airflow limitation. This study was conducted to evaluate the pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies to show the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Patients and methods The information of 48 patients involved with a type of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies, including sex, type of primary immunodeficiency, age at the onset of symptoms, age at diagnosis, recurrent infections, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary radiological and functional abnormalities were recorded and analyzed. Results In 48 patients evaluated, the mean age at diagnosis was 25.63 years. The mean diagnostic delay was estimated to be 13.62 years. The most recurring clinical manifestations, sinusitis (69.6%), otitis (43.5%), and recurrent pneumonia were the cause of frequent admissions in 68.8% of these patients. Bronchiectasis was frequently found (58.3%) in these patients mostly involving the middle and lower lobes (48.8% and 41.5%, respectively). Conclusions Respiratory complications, infectious or non-infectious, determine the prognosis of the disease in patients with predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management may improve life expectancy and the quality of life in these patients.

Introduction Asthma exacerbations may occur due to a variety of triggers including respiratory viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the role of particular viral infections in asthma exacerbations in children. Materials and methods The study was performed at Dr. Daneshvari Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran between 2014 and 2015. A nasopharyngeal aspirate or swab was obtained from each patient during admission. All samples were maintained at 4 °C until submission to the virology laboratory and were tested for respiratory viruses by nucleic acid testing. Results A total of 60 patients with asthma exacerbations were recruited for this study. Of the 60 samples collected from the patients with acute asthma exacerbations, rhinovirus was detected in 12 patients (20%), respiratory syncytial virus in 5 (8%), adenovirus in 5 (8%), and influenza virus in 1 (1.6%). Respiratory pathogens were not detected in 37 (61%) samples. All the samples investigated showed single viral infection. Conclusions To conclude, the most common viruses detected were rhinovirus followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus. RSV was more commonly associated with more severe attacks. Both the study design (e.g., time of sampling, age of the patients, etc.) and also the method used for viral detection influence the frequency of detection of the respiratory viruses.