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Introduction: There have been significant changes in the treatment protocol for rectal tumors in recent decades, greatly reducing the rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis, thereby increasing overall survival. Method: We performed a retrospective processing and statistical analysis of the data of 362 patients with rectal cancer who underwent local neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and then underwent surgical treatment between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017 at the Institute of Surgery of the University of Debrecen. We compared the response rate and overall survival results of our patients with local neoadjuvant treatment to the outcomes of total neoadjuvant treatment reported by the recent large international studies. Results: We experienced complete pathological regression in 8.6% of our patients. After neoadjuvant therapy, 10.7% of our patients experienced distant metastasis at the time of the operation or within 3 months period thereafter. In our study, the rate of response to the neoadjuvant treatment was a prognostic factor independent of the stage at di-agnosis and recognition. The groups with better response produced significantly better survival results. Conclusion: The total neoadjuvant treatment doubled the number of patients with complete pathological response, and the incidence of distant metastasis was by 7% lower in both recent international studies compared to the local neoadjuvant group. 85% of our patients were T3-4N+ stage at the time of recognition. Given the 10.7% rate of dis- tant metastases detected at the time of surgery or within 3 months in our patient population, we can state that ap- proximately half of our patients would have benefited from the administration of total neoadjuvant therapy which produced better outcomes. Based on this conclusion, we decided to introduce the total neoadjuvant therapy protocol in our department for treatment of patients with advanced rectal tumors.

Introduction: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant disease, which shows familial clustering., Aim: We would like to emphasize the importance of monitoring the HNPCC syndrome patients by presenting a case of a proven MMR gene mutation carrier and her family tree encompassing 10 years., Materials and Method: To screen a suspected HNPCC Hungarian family member we are taking thorough family histories. If the diagnosis of HNPCC was further supported by immunohistology and the microsatellite status, sequencing of the MMR genes was carried out., Results: A novel mutation in exon 6 of the hMSH2 gene leading to the deletion of two nucleotide pairs [c.969-970delTC] was detected in our patient. During the 10-year follow-up period of our patient new HNPCC-associated tumors have developed in several family members. Conslusion: Close surveillance of the patient and its family members at risk was effective, although it requires compliance from the subjects. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(30): 1182-1187.

Introduction: The eventrated, giant abdominal wall hernias represent a considerable challenge in our practice. Presently, preoperative evaluation of the musculo-aponeurotic elements of the abdominal wall by CT imaging is not part of routine planning of surgery., Aim: Evaluation of the abdominal wall hernia progression in time. Moreover, follow up the changes of the abdominal wall structures following series of intraabdominal surgeries., Method: Abdominal CT imaging were performed on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th postoperative months after the primary series of surgeries in the cases of 12 patients, whose reconstructive surgeries were not possible. A prospective data collection was applied. Changing of the bilateral rectus muscle morphology, the evolution in time of the midline gap, and the progressive dynamism of the midline wall defects were determined., Results: A characteristic and progressive midline defect enlargement could be settled. Data analysis yielded that the combined width of the bilateral rectus muscles is sufficient to cover the midline abdominal wall defect, although there is an "optimal" timeframe for performing the intervention., Conclusion: CT evaluation of abdominal wall prior to reconstructive surgeries of loss of abdominal wall domain has a strong significance on determining and designing the adequate surgical procedure. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(7), 257-263.

Introduction: Indication and timing of allograft nephrectomy is still uncertain in some cases., Aim: The aim of the authors was to summarize their experience with graftectomies., Method: Data from patients who underwent kidney transplantation between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Frequency, indications, timing, complications as well as early and late allograft nephrectomies were reviewed., Results: From 480 renal transplants, 55 graftectomies were performed (11%). Frequent indications included chronic allograft nephropathy (47%), arterial blood supply complications (13%), ureter complications (9%). 22 cases (40%) of allograft nephrectomies were urgent while 33 cases (60%) were elective. 24% of graftectomies were performed within 30 days after transplantation and 76% thereafter., Conclusions: The main indications for early graftectomies were arterial complications (31%) and chronic allograft nephropathy (62%) in cases of late graftectomies. The majority of the graftectomies were elective. Leading indication was chronic allograft nephropathy. Early and late graftectomies have different characteristics.

Introduction: The first renal transplantation was completed in 1991 at the University of Debrecen. In 2013 Hungary joined Eurotransplant., Aim: The authors retrospectively compared the trends., Method: Comparison between Period A (from January 1, 2008 to August 31, 2013) and Period B (from September 1, 2013 to October 22, 2015)., Results: The proportion of living transplants rose from 3.5% to 9.1 %. During period B over 25% of utilized donors were over 60 years of age. Recipients with body mass index above 30 kg/m(2) increased from 12% to 31%. Prevalence of diabetes among recipients rose twofold. Uretero-neocystostomy was used during period A (99%) while in period B end to side uretero-ureteral anastomosis has also gained popularity (68%). In 2013 the authors introduced routine use of induction treatment. Acute rejection rate decreased from 34% to 8%. The rate of surgical complications did not change. Acute bacterial infections decreased from 41% to 33%. Cumulative renal allograft 1, 3 and 5 year survival rates were 86.6%, 85% and 82.7% in group A vs. projected rates 88%, 84% and 84% in group B, respectively., Conclusions: Despite the growing proportion of expanded criteria donors, the authors were able to maintain a low incidence of delayed graft function and a favorable graft survival. Since 2013 the authors introduced treatments for acute humoral rejection according to international standards.

Unlabelled: In case of mild acute pancreatitis the treatment is basically conservative, but in severe cases surgical treatment has an important role., Methods: authors analyze the indications for operation, the timing and the technical questions of it on the basis of the literature published in the previous ten years., Results and Conclusions: sterile pancreas necrosis is rarely but septic necrosis is an indication for surgery if the conservative treatment is unsuccessful. Therapy resistant multiple organ failure, abdominal compartment syndrome and other surgical complications such as bleeding, perforation need surgery treatment. In biliary pancreatitis associated with cholestasis urgent endoscopic sphincterotomy and later cholecystectomy is suggested. In case of pancreas necrosis the ideal time of operation is 21 days after the beginning of the disease because the rate of complications and mortality is high in early operations. Careful necrosectomy is important which has to be extended to the retrocolic and retroduodenal areas as well. Open abdominal surgery has more complications so it is suggested only in selected cases. Operation should be amended with postoperative bursa omental lavage.

Unlabelled: The acute pancreatitis is a relative common disease with incidence of 5-80 per 100000 people of the population. The number of new cases has steadily increased in recent years. The two main etiological factors are alcohol and cholelithiasis. The incidence of alcoholic pancreatitis is higher in male, and the incidence of gallstone pancreatitis is higher in female., Aim: To summarize the difference between the clinical course of biliary and not biliary type of severe acute pancreatitis by analyzing the data of these patients., Methods: 139 patients treated with severe acute pancreatitis were divided in two groups: biliary (A group) and non biliary (B group) of origin. The two groups were compared on the basis of sex and age, mortality, morbidity, number of surgery and hospital stay. chi 2 probe was used for the statistical analysis., Results: The complications in biliary group were more serious. The average mortality rate was 15.1%, 17.8% in group A and 13.8% in group B. The mortality rate of female patients in group A was significantly higher., Conclusion: Female patients suffering from severe biliary acute pancreatitis have higher morbidity and mortality rate. Therefore an elective cholecystectomy is suggested in old female patients with serious co-morbidity and gallstones, before any complications.

Integrin adhesion receptor expression of different benign and malignant breast tumours was examined by means of immunohistochemical techniques. A panel of seven different anti-alpha and two different anti-beta subunit antibodies was used. Normal breast epithelium displayed a well characterized and constant pattern of integrin expression consisting of strong alpha 1,2,3,6 and alpha v, and a relatively weaker beta 1 and beta 3 staining. No staining for alpha 4 or alpha 5 could be detected on the epithelial cells. Benign fibroadenomas did not show changes in their receptor expression compared to normal tissues. In the cases of different types of breast cancer, there was a significant downregulation of all subunits. The staining pattern was distinct if there could a basement membrane like structure be detected around the invading tumour nodules. When laminin and collagen type IV surrounded the tumour cells, those cells in contact with the extracellular matrix components still displayed strong positivity for the integrin subunits. Other cells inside the tumour cell nests or not surrounded by basement membrane did not express integrins. The positively staining cells might be more differentiated owing to the effect the basement membrane. Myoepithelial labeling of the integrin expressing cells gave negative results. The observed integrin expression heterogeneity renders the histologic picture difficult to interpret with regard to clinical behavior of the tumour.

The psychosomatic care of patients after surgical treatment must comprise the analysis of quality of life with colostomy. Five different parameters were assessed of 100 colostomy patients. Sixty-one percent of our patients had skin irritation problems. Twenty-eight patients applied regular irrigation. Seventy-two percent of these had daily motions, 20% had bidaily, the remaining 8% had irregular bowel movements. Seventeen percent of the nonirrigating patients observed very irritating fecal discharge around the stoma. Embarrassing noises concomittant with bowel movements were observed by 42% and 45% struggled with bad odors. Irrigating patients had hardly any of these problems. For 65% of the patients the idea of having a colostoma meant the greatest psychological burden before the operation. The stress situation culminated in the immediate postoperative period in 10%. Forty percent of those asked were seriously worried about the reaction of their social environment. In 65% a significant decrease of social relations could be observed. Sixteen percent reported an increased social activity after colostomy had been performed. Sixty percent admitted considering the option of suicide at least once. Thirty-five percent revealed to have any kind of sexual problems after colostomy. Eight of our 100 colostomy patients experienced serious adverse reactions from their family members. In eighty percent of the cases family members showed great sympathy although they acted naively. The quality of life of colostomy patients may be best taken care of by qualified stomatherapists, out-patient proctology departments and the ileo-colostomy movement (ILCO).

Here we report on the results of histopathological analysis of several organs of 5 foetuses and 2 newborn infants with cystic fibrosis. They were examined with HE, PAS, AB, HID and "Stains-all" techniques on paraffin sections. We concluded that there were significant differences in the epithelial mucin composition of several organs of the effected foetuses compared to 6 controls as early as the 17th week of gestation. An increase in the amount of neutral and acidic mucins was observed in the acini of the pancreas, bronchi and the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract accompanied with a well defined decrease of sialic acid rich components of pharyngeal submucosal glands.

The effect of chronic furosemide treatment on the structure of the secretory cells in the mouse pancreas was studied using electron microscopy. The number of the zymogen granules increased in the cytoplasm of acinar cells; they were more densely packed and had a less electron-dense appearance than the controls. Because these ultrastructural findings resemble the changes observed in exocrine glands of patients with cystic fibrosis, the chronic furosemide-treated mouse is proposed as an experimental model for this disease.