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Athletes who achieve top performance are characterized by a similar level of skills, however, not always by the same individual characteristics such as temperamental traits. It follows that psychological training of the professional athlete should be individualized and traits of temperament should always be taken into consideration. Carefully selected training tools both in physical and psychological training can improve adaptation skills of the athlete to meet the demands of a given sport and reduce the cost of adaptation. It concerns not only to a training phase, but also to participation in competitions. The aim of the article is to: 1) present temperament profiles of world class athletes (including medal winners in the Olympic Games) who represent various sports; 2) present problems related to sports training and participation in competitions; 3) present samples of mental training which complies with individual temperamental differences. The subjects of the research were 6 professional athletes (4 men, 2 women) representing different individual sports. For the purpose of the study the FCBTI scales (Formal Characteristics of Behavior -- Temperament Inventory), worked out by Zawadzki and Strelau, was applied. The FCB -- TI measures temperament traits that refer to the formal characteristics of behavior and includes 6 scales, such as: briskness (BR), perseverance (PE), sensory sensitivity (SS), emotional reactivity (ER), endurance (EN) and activity (AC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]