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Image processing and machine learning has fast progress in this era. Machine learning also has been applicate in our daily life. One of machine learning application is an object detection. This paper shows a state-of-the-art of object detection is applicated on control system. This paper also gives a deliberation by comparing another trained state-of-the- art (YOLOv3-tiny-416 and SSD with MobileNet V2) to detect single object i.e. person. SSD is one state-of-the-art of object detection which concept is to detect object in a single forward (one-shot) to feature extraction and classifier. Our work develops the feature extractor layer of SSD to fit with our purpose and show our modified SSD successfully control quadcopter movements feedback and has an average precision (AP) 97% to detect person. Quadcopter controls is completed by a simulation in gazebo simulator.

Gasoline combustion in an engine always produce carbon particle which then agglomerate, precipitate, and degrade the engine performance. In this research PIB amine, a surfactant having PIB as the hydrocarbon nonpolar tail and TEPA as polar head, is prepared and tested as deposit controlling agent (DCA) f or gasoline. This reaction product is a viscous liquid with density 0,8566 g/ml and kinematic viscosity @40°C of 75,16 cSt, and on its FTIR spectrum shows peak at 3200-3500 cm−1 (amine group). Its anti-deposit performance has been tested using single cylinder gasoline engine, at concentration 300 ppm PIB amine can significantly reduce deposit, comparable to that of the commercial PIBA. The 300 ppm PIB Amine gasoline is also pass gum test, with unwash gum value

ETBE or Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether is an oxygenate additive that can be the solution for the air pollution's problems due to carbon emissions, especially CO gas. However, in the process of producing ETBE there is still obstacles in the form of low conversion results. In this study, additive synthesis containing ETBE was carried by using fixed-bed reactor for 1 hour with ethanol and isobutylene reactants and H-ZSM 11 catalyst aid which had a SiO2 / AlO3 50 ratio and a pore volume of 0.2 cm3 / g. The experiment was carried out with temperature variations of 750C - 950C. Based on the GC-MS test, 71% additive and 13% yield were obtained at 900C reactor temperature. This additive raises the octane number from 88.7 to 88.9 with an additive of 1000 ppm at premium base. Addition of 1000 ppm additives in gasoline reduces deposit formation from 0.0186% to 0.0035% and formation of CO emissions from 0.723% to 0.245%. The data resulted in a decrease in deposit formation by 0.0151% and a decrease in CO emissions of 0.478%.

Fuel is still a crucial commodity in this world. Fuel can be utilized in various economic activities, such as on vehicle. The utilization of fuel in vehicle often produce deposit and pollution that came from imperfect combustion. One alternate solution to improve fuel combustion efficiency and reduce pollution is by formulating fuel additive that can control deposit in vehicle combustion chamber. Deposit Control Additive (DCA) consists of polar head and hydrocarbon tail as a non-polar end has a similarity of structure with surfactant. One of the results of amination reaction which is Polyisobutylene (PIB) – amine has proven its ability as DCA. The longer the molecular length of PIB, the higher its effect on improving fuel combustion efficiency. In this study, there are 2 type of PIB being used with molecular weight of 950 and 1300 and 2 type of amine, tetraethylenepentamine and diethylenetriamine. The synthesized result is being tested to acquire its physical-chemical properties and also its performance as DCA in one-cylinder gasoline engine with fuel.

Spodoptera litura Fab larvae. is a pest that is polyphagic and damaging cultivation plants in the vegetative and generative phases. Control of S. litura larvae can be done with the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis because its ability to produce protein crystal toxins and cause paralysis in digestive tract of larvae. However, Bt. Is easily degraded in environment by ultra violet (UV) light. This study uses Aloe vera L. extract as Bt. protectant. The method used to test pathogenicity of Btk. bacteria was by using skin extracts and Aloe vera gel exposed to UV light for 3 and 6 hours against second instar of S. litura larvae using 20 larvae and three replications in each treatment. The positive control used was mixture of Btk bacteria with distilled water, whereas the negative control used was only aquades. The results of this study indicate that the mortality rate of larvae in skin extracts and Aloe vera gel exposed to UV for 3 hours and 6 hours was above 50%. In UV irradiation treatment for 3 hours with Aloe vera skin extract, the highest larval death was 72% at concentration of 4.85 x 107, whereas in the skin extract and Aloe vera gel, the highest larval death was 75% at concentration of 4.85 x 107. In UV irradiation treatment for 6 hours with Aloe vera skin extract, the highest larvae mortality was 68.3% at concentration of 4.85 x 107, whereas in skin extracts and Aloe vera gel, the highest larval death was 69% at concentration of 4.85 x 107. It can be concluded that Aloe vera skin extract and gel are more effective as Btk protectants compared to Aloe vera skin extract. Btk. test has sub lethal effects on S. litura larvae, which are smaller size and shape of imago, dead pupae and abnormal imago.

Produce high yield of ETBE using acid catalyst and analyzed its performance. ETBE synthesis is carried out under gas phase reaction in a fixed bed reactor using H-ZSM5 catalyst. The product is condensed into liquid. Results show, this product have concentration of ETBE, up to 60% and yield up to 12%. At 300 ppm of this additive mixed with gasoline is tested in motorcycle engine for 30 hours to inspect the combustion performance. The test shows deposit formation in intake valve fewer rather than other gasoline. Comparing to MTBE and ethanol, it shows better improvement, by decreasing the rate of CO emission and deposit formation on intake valve.

Solid waste of Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) containing a small amount of oil is generated in the processing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) into cooking oil. Recovery of the oil from SBE from extraction process can produce SBEO (spent bleaching oil), a low-grade oil which has dark color, contain significant amount of FFA (free fatty acid) and solidified at ambient temperature. In this research, this SBEO is utilized as biolubricant after treating through 2 step of processes. The first step is the conversion of SBEO into methyl ester by decolorization, FFA reduction, and transesterification processes. The second step is conversion of methyl ester into ethylene glycol ester. Transesterification of the SBE into methyl ester by methanol at ratio 1:6, give yield of 99.74. While second step transesterification of methyl ester into ethylene glycol is conducted by ethylene glycol. Temperature of 170°C has the best result of yield (93%). Physical characteristic of the ethylene glycol product give density at 40°C of 0.91 gr/cm3 and viscosity (at 40°C) of 9,75 cSt, flash point of 252°C, pour point of -7°C. This Physical characteristic meet the standard SNI 7069.9-2016 for hydraulic lubricant

One potential and useful product of Indonesia's biodiversity is fibroin which extracted from silkworm cocoons of Bombyx mori L (silk fibroin). Silk fibroin, in which has capability to fuse into the human body, is used for bone graft or wound healing dressing. In the dentistry, researchers develop silk fibroin as a dental treatment material for pulp perforation teeth case. The dental treatment material developed from silk fibroin is expected to overcome the limitation of existing materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weight and structural characteristics identification of silk fibroin as a preliminary study before being used as dental material. This research used two methods, which were sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The result showed that there was an expression of electrophoresis bands on the molecular weight of 10 – 55 kDa, while the FTIR showed the peak spectra of fibroin sample was at 3309.80 cm-1. Based on its molecular weight and structure characteristic, fibroin consists of an NH group of protein that consists of several amino acids.

Two different components of tunneling current in the TiN/HfSiOxN/SiO2/p-Si(100) metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor have been presented. The tunneling currents were calculated by taking into account a longitudinal-transverse kinetic energy coupling. The calculated tunneling currents were compared with that measured ones by employing the electron and hole effective masses and phase velocities as fitting parameters. It has been shown that hole tunneling currents dominate at low voltages whereas at high voltages the tunneling currents are mainly contributed by electrons. It has also been found that the effective mass of hole in the HfSiOxN layer is higher than that of electron. The gate electron and substrate hole velocities are 1×105 m/s independent of the HfSiOxN thickness. In addition, it is speculated that the electron and hole effective masses in the HfSiOxN layer perhaps increase as its thickness decreases.