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Two-dimensional solitonic orbital waveguides as y junctions were formed in a strontium barium niobate crystal. The waveguides are 10–20 μm in diameter and propagate unpolarized light.

The optimum performance of a photorefractive two‐beam coupling fluence limiter is presented. A two‐level, single‐dopant‐species model is used to determine the minimum transmitted fluence for different crystal dopant densities and incident fluences. The effects on limiter performance for different beam parameters such as the modulation ratio and crossing angle and for different crystal parameters such as the mobility, electro‐optic coefficient, and dielectric constant are determined.

A definitive demonstration of the use of a photorefractive crystal to project a three-dimensional image in space is reported on. The image is bright and different perspective views of the object appear as the viewing direction is changed.

Experimental data are presented, which demonstrates an optical limiter based on a large birefringence which is optically induced in bacteriorhodopsin. The induced birefringence is observed to be a function of incident intensity, but saturates at a value of about 0.454 W/cm2. A measured value of Δn of 6.6×10−4 at a wavelength of 514 nm is reported. The observed birefringence is found to be in good agreement with a proposed model.