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In order to study the change of vertical bearing characteristics of single pile under dry state and flooded state in loessial collapsible area, this study conducted a flooding test on site. The experiment reveals the law of the effect of ground immersion on the bearing capacity of bridge pile foundation in the loess region, and analyzes the characteristics of settlement variation during the flooding of pile and surrounding soil. Immersion test results show that the pile and pile around the average settlement of soil is 0.15mm and 1.4mm. After the pile side of the soil is flooded, the pile and its surrounding soil have varying degrees of settlement deformation. The settlement of the soil around the pile is caused by the weak collapsibility of the loess. The settlement deformation of the pile is caused by the negative friction caused by the collapsible loess on the pile. Therefore, the ultimate bearing capacity of the soaking is obviously different, the former is greater than 9600kN and the latter is 8000kN. Carrying capacity test has been carried out several times, its ultimate bearing capacity is consistent.