Search

Research conducted on the parasitological pollution in some digestive helminthosis in horses, (parascaridiosis, strongillidosis and oxyuriasis), made in January 2011 in the village of Crasna, Salaj county on a herd of 72 horses from households (40 adults and 32 young horses), using diagnostic methods ovohelmintoscopics with enrichment of faeces taken (method Willis) and the scaling technique of curettage in anal pit area, revealed a different incidence of the main digestive helmintoze studied in correlation with age category and area of origin of the samples. Thus, mean parascaridiosis values are of 12.5% in adults and of 34.0% in young horses and riding in strongillidosis to an average of 82.5% in adult horses and, respectively, to 34.5% in young horses. In exchange for pinworm infection extensivity of parasitism in adult horses is 18.0% and respectively, 15.0% in young horses. Linked to the intensity of parasitism in helmintosis taken in study, the data obtained reveals different levels of pollution coproparasitologic Eggtester, in correlation with the area of origin and age. Thus, adult and youth horse parascaridiosis, dominates the low and medium infestations (100%) and in adult horses strongilidosis dominate the medium infestations (84.0%) and low infestations (75%) in young horses.

Investigations conducted on a sample of 33 ocean fish of consumption, mackerel and herring uneviscerated and frosen, packed in plastic bags, different weights and purchased from supermarket chain stores, concerning the incidence and intensity of parasitism by larvae of Anisakis sp. to gut and visceral level, lesion picture caused and also some morphological measurements, reveals an incidence of anisakiasis of 60.0% to 72.2% in mackerel and respectively in herring. Regarding the infestation intensity of Anisakis larvae sp., infestations dominate weakly the mackerel (44.4%), followed by medium (33.3%) and massive (22.0%). In contrast to the herring are dominant the medium infestations (46.1%), followed by massive (30.7%) and low infestations (23.1%).Table of lesion caused by larval stages in gut and visceral level is characterized by intestinal congestion, hemorrhagic enteritis and hemoragico – necrotic and the presence of larval cystic foci on serous of gut, kidneys, liver and gonads. Morphological investigations carried out on a sample of 20 larvae, collected from herring and mackerel, regarding biometric aspects, cuticular and of color, body size variables highlights from 13.0 mm / 0.6 mm minimum to 27.0 / 0.6 mm maximum, with an average of 20.0 mm / 0.5 mm, comparable to those presented in the speciality literature.

The activity of specific anti-venom can be demonstrated using protection test in laboratory mice. Our study aimed to emphasize the possibility of viper venom inactivation by the antibodies produced and isolated from duck eggs and also to the activation concentration of these antibodies. The venom used for inoculation was harvested from two viper species (Vipera ammodytes and Vipera berus). The immunoglobulin extract had a better activity on the venom from Vipera berus compared to the venom from Vipera ammodytes. This could be the result of a better immunological response, as consequence of the immunization with this type of venom, compared to the response recorded when the Vipera ammodytes venom was used. Besides the advantages of low cost, high productivity and reduced risk of anaphylactic shock, the duck eggs also have high activity up to dilutions of 1/16, 1/32, respectively, with specific activity and 100 surviving in individuals which received 3 x DL50.

In this paper the authors approach a very actual thematic concerning the fish meat quality, depending on different species with different alimentary behavior and life style. For this goal, it was made chemical analysis of 10 species of fresh water and marine fish, starting with the establishment of the different body components percentage related at the total body weight and continuing with the determination of the chemical composition of the analyzed species. Also, we approach aspects related to the qualitative differences of fish meat, depending on the species, and we compared these result with the meat obtained from domesticated animals. The obtained results showed that the fish meat is clearly superior, from qualitative point of view, comparative to the domesticated animal’s meat.

This experiment has as purpose an evaluation of cicatrix stimulation and healing capacity of some accidental wounds produced by different body regions to a livestock of 20 horses, young stock and adult animals, during the year 2007, by local treatment with hydrogel ointment prepared from 8 medicinal plants, namely Echinaceea palida, Calendula officinalis, Populus nigra, Symphytum officinalis, Arnica montana, Thuja occidentalis, Veronica officinalis and Salvia officinalis. To the end of experiment, the best results, in epithelium making and wound contraction, were obtained with Calendule officinalis ointment, which has shortened this stage with 6 days, comparatively to witness wounds and those treated with Veronica officinalis, with 5 days facing to Thuja occidentalis and Salvia officinalis, with 4 days facing to Symphytum officinalis and Arnica montana , with 2 days facing Populus nigra and one day facing to Echinaceea palida.

The study intends to be a further of a more complex one, as regards on the main quantitative and qualitative traits of milk to a romanian population of cow, which is exploited mainly in the central region of Romania.

Sumary: Researches done on a B.R. 64 milking cows live stock, regarding microbiological charge of cow milk and pollutant sources on technological flow,. Samples were taken in sterile test tubes, to study the microbian charge level from: milking empty canteen; gauze used for udder hygiene; first milking milk jets from the four quarters; total milking milk on lots; water used for mammary gland hygiene; after the first and after the last milking animal; cooling tank (milking milk on total /live stock). Laboratory analysis regarding microflora charge level of samples, evidence enough large variations regarding microbian charge level in samples collected.

In this work paper are presented and done the analysis of the main phenotypic traits values in bovines of Bruna breed, in Maramures county, established basing on data from evidences belonging to Animal Husbandry Amelioration and Reproduction Offices in Maramures county, after data bank of ANARZ and after primary evidences from every selection center. Researches were done on a total live stock of 2632 cows, Bruna breed, bred in Maramures county. Main productive traits were established in dynamic on 6 lactations, having in view milk quantitative and qualitative production during normal and total lactations, but also reproduction index. Researches done regarding main productive traits have led to Bruna breed bovine characterization per total population, in Maramures county. The analysis of milk production index and variability on successive lactations shows us that the population taken in study is characterized by favorable productive traits such as milk quantitative production report as also on qualitative production. Concerning reproduction index researches done in farms from Maramures county localities have put in evidence the fact that average values of reproduction index (age of first parturition, mammary repose, calving interval and service period) certify an adequate state of reproduction function.

Investigations were done on 7 alive samples in agonic or death stage, taken from an extensive exploitation pond, in north-east Transylvanian zone, with an water surface of 0,2 ha and a total fish quantity of about 200 kg, second summer carp of an average weight of 300 g/individual. As a result of clinical, bacterioscopy and bacteriology and also necropsy laboratory exam it were put in evidence some aspects. So, clinical exam has revealed, by the presence of integument hemorrhagic ulcerous lesions, also the presence of some crustacaee ectoparasites, Argulus foliaceus species, which have made easier the disease spreading in whole effective. Necropsy exam puts in evidence, anatomy-clinic, the presence of integument hemorrhagic lesions under a point or diffuse form, but also ulcers and muscle – cutaneous necrosis. As a following of bacterioscopy exam of smears done from pathologic material taken in cutaneous lesions and colored by Gram method it was ascertained the presence of a bacterial polymorph flora, of bacillus and cocobacillus type, Gram negative. Bacteriologic exam (cultural), realized on ordinary culture mediums (sauce, water) and selective mediums (agar with blood) isolates in pure culture germs from Aeromonas kind, basis on morphological and cultural characters, which are framed in Aeromonas genus patterns described by speciality literature. As a following of biochemical characters exam, with the help of multitest API20E system it was established that Aeromonas spp. strains isolated, belong to hydrophila group 1 species, species which is responsible of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia performing in carp. By testing the sensitiveness to antibodies and chemiotherapy in strains which have been found as diagnosis (diffusiometric method of antibiogram), it was ascertained that group 1 Aeromonas hydrophila strains, isolated from disease pesthole, were in decreasing order sensitive to : Eurofloxocin, Florfenicol (Floron) and Oxitetracycline and resistant to Ampiciline, Amoxicilin, Eritromicin.

Clinical and paraclinical investigations (morpho-pathologic, bacterioscopic, bacteriologic and sensitiveness test to antibodies) done on 20 fish (rainbow trout), dead or in agony state, taken from a furunculosis pesthole in Salmonidae and proceeded from an intensive exploitation unit of trout, in Cluj county, put in evidence the following aspects :To clinical exam, in breeding basins, it appears individuals (5 %) which have presented locomotor troubles, listless and untidy swimming in water surface, lateral swimming anorexia, and on tegument it is observed diffuse hemorrhagic zones, lost of fish scale and necrosis of fins. It appears also secondary infections with fungi of Saprolegnia genus under the form of a white- dirty, downy film. From the 20 trut corpses were isolated 2 bacterial strains, from anterior kidney and from raclage in fin basis, with congestive lesions. Bacteria isolated are developing only after an incubation at 20 – 250 C and does not grow up to 370 C, and to microscopic exam directly from sauce, the mobility is absent Classic biochemical tests put in evidence the following positive biochemic properties: cataloze, oxidaze, indolal and the presence of hemolytic activity. Biochemical properties testing on API20E gallery also puts in evidence properties as : positive gelatinousis and sucraze fermentation. Based on bacterial strains development isolated only to 20 - 25 0C and the above mentioned biochemic properties, respectively the absence of pigment, bacterial strains isolated are appointed in Aeromonas genus, Aeromonas salmonicida species, achromogenes subspecies. By sensitiveness test in different medicine substances, using antibiogram technique, bacterial strains isolated from pesthole are sensitive in a decreasing order to: nalidixic acid, oxitetracycline, florfenicol and eurofloxacin and resistant to ampicyline, amoxiclav and colistin.

The quantitative and qualitative mycological assements in roughages and silo feeds display a tight corelation betwen the organoleptic characteres and the number of fungi per gram of feed, thus, Lays and high quality silage, or medium quality silage, contain below 8x10 5 fungi/g feed in contrast with the inferior ones in wich the mycotic load7g, feed excudes several times, the above mentioned value. The ubiguitous presence of Aspergillus, penicillium, mucor, Stachybotzra and fusarium in hays and silage stands Witress for their pathogenic potentiality.In order to prevent the spead of mycoses and mycotoxicoses, several precaution measures are to be taken; thus it is recommmendable that low quality folder with strong organoleptic alteration, with over 8x10 5 fungi/g feed be ousted from the nutrition of pregnant females, in lactation or young nuffering from chromic diseases. These feeds are to be administread restrictively and in mixture with good quality feed, for the other categories of animals.

From the large number of methods used for storage of microorganisms, the more effective methods are long-term cryopreservation and lyophilization. The temperature change rate, controls transport of water around cell membranes and indirectly likelihood of intracellular freezing. If the cooling is too fast, the membranes cannot carry water out of the cell and freezing inside. Each cell has an optimum cooling rate, while the survival of very low absolute except that cryoprotector is present to reduce freezing damage.In the present study we proposed to determine the efficiency of some techniques on long term microorganisms conservation as cryopreservation and freeze-drying and the influence of cryoprotectants used in various concentrations on survival rate of bacterial strains during cryopreservtion at -80 ° C in freezer and - 196 ° C in liquid nitrogen. These 7 bacterial strains used for this work came from our collection of cultures, and are represented by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonie, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus casei. The cryoprotectant used are: dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 5% and 10%, ethylene glycol (EG) at a concentration of 5% and 10%, glycerol (Gl) at a concentration of 5% and 10%, propylene glycol (PG) at a concentration of 5% to 10%.

The principal components of some essential oils extracted from plants have been found to have microbial activity. Depending on the concentration, the members of this class are known to be bactericide or bacteriostatic. Their action mechanism is unclear, but some studies suggest that the compounds penetrate the cell, where they interfere with cellular metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 5 essential oils extracted from plants on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and to determinate how different amount of the used oils can influence the results of inhibition tests. These results showed that mainly all the natural extracts presented an antimicrobial effect. Thereby, some extracts were more efficient than another and the order is: Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Mentha piperita (mint), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Calendula officinalis (calendula).

Investigations carried out on a herd of 485 sheep (ovine adult and youth), a private unit of household type, regarding the incidence of pod dermatitis and the picture in dynamic of clinical anatomical changes in the period January-April 2011, highlights the increasing frequency of their 2.2% in January to 2.7% in February, 3.4% in March and 4.6 in April. Of all disease, are dominant lesions of pod dermatitis with necrobacilium (66.1%), followed by lesions of felon (15.9%), suppurative pod dermatitis (12.9%) and other causes (6.4%).

Clinical and laboratory investigations on the incidence and intensity of sarcoptic mange in a herd of 156 young cattle and histo-pathological picture of changes in the skin, highlights the following: anatomical-clinical examination performed revealed that 47.4% of young cattle have examined clinical anatomical changes visible (crusts, depilation, itching and scratching), with significant differences related to age and type of anatomy-clinical manifestation. The incidence of sarcoptic mange by microscopic examination, is ranging from 34.75 (category 0 - 6 months) 38.0% (category 6-12 months) with an average of 36.5%. The intensity of parasitism with Sarcoptes scabiei, var. bovis is correlated with the age. Thus the 0-6 months category predominate weak infestation (44.0%), while the 6-12 months category predominate large and medium infestation (40.6%). Histo-pathologically, the sections made ​​in the skin and colored shows the presence of parasites in exfoliate epithelium with a low limfo granulocytes infiltration.

Experiments were conducted throughout 2009 and 2010. At the beginning of experiments, both in 2009 and in 2010, were formed two groups (M-control group; E-experimental group), each group far 600 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Control group M has been exploited in the Fiad trout farm, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, and the experimental group E was operated in a recirculating system arranged in Cluj-Napoca. Experiments were conducted over 210 days, both in 2009 and in 2010. Initial body weight of the specimens was 22.70±0.40 g – group M, and 22.68±0.39 – group E, in 2009. In the second experimental series (2010), the initial body weight of the rainbow trout specimens was 22.69±0.28 g – group M, respectively 22.56±0.31 g – group E. To determine the body size indices, we made measurements and weighings in all age groups exploited. Based on measurements, we calculated: K – Fulton condition factor; Ig – thickness factor; Ip – profile indices; Ica – quality indices; Ic1-meat index expressed as percentage of head lenght from standard lenght of fish; Ic2- meat index expressed as percentage of caudal peduncle lenght from standard lenght of fish. Analysing the value of body size indices in rainbow trout in the two test series (2009 and 2010) we found that they are directly proportional to fish weight, but are significantly influenced by the environmeltal conditions and the feeding rate. The mean values of body size indices (K, Ip, Ig, Ica, Ic1 and Ic2) in rainbow trout from the two experimental series, fall within the range cited in the special literature.

Experiments were conducted throughout 2009 and 2010. At the beginning of experiments, both in 2009 and in 2010, were formed two groups (M-control group; E-experimental group), each group far 600 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Control group M has been exploited in the Fiad trout farm, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, and the experimental group E was operated in a recirculating system arranged in Cluj-Napoca. Experiments were conducted over 210 days, both in 2009 and in 2010. Initial body weight of the specimens was 22.70±0.40 g – group M, and 22.68±0.39 – group E, in 2009. In the second experimental series (2010), the initial body weight of the rainbow trout specimens was 22.69±0.28 g – group M, respectively 22.56±0.31 g – group E. As factors which influencing directly the growth dynamic of rainbow trout, were monitored the physico-chemical parameters of water from the two locations, and feed consumption. Production performances of the trout from the two experimental groups, were assessed using as indicators total weight gain (TWG) and specific growth rate (SGR). In 2009, TWG=370.92±4.37 g – group E vs. 79.59±1.09 g – group M (p

In this experiment we followed the influence of growth system on the share of internal organs and viscera by the total body mass on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The importance of this study results from the need to reach as favourable slaughter yield. For this, were slaughtered 25 rainbow trout from the Fiad trout farm (conventional farm), Bistriţa-Năsăud County (control group – M), respectively 25 rainbow trout grown in a recirculating system arranged in Cluj-Napoca (experimental group – E). Body weight of the studied specimens was 228.96±1.21 g – M group, respectively 229.40±1.24 g – E group, the difference between the two groups being insignificant (p>0.05). The slaughter yield was favorable for E group – 90.55±0.03%, compared with M group – 89.23±0.05% (p

Slaughter yield is one of the most important indices of meat production, which in the current legislation, dealing with employment în quality classes and to establish the commercial value of fish or other animals. To make our research, were slaughtered by mechanical stunning, 25 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), from Fiad trout farm, Bistriţa-Năsăud County (M group), respectively 25 rainbow trout from an recirculating system arranged in Cluj-Napoca (E group). The average weight of the studied specimens was similar (228.96±1.21 g-M group, respectively 229.40±1.24 g-E group; d= -0.44 g, p>0.05). Slaughter yield obtained in the goup M was 89.23±0.05%, and in the group E 90.55±0.03%. Results showed that in gravimetric terms, the differences are insignificant between the two groups (d=3.43 g, p>0,05), but in percentage terms, the differences are negative and very significant (d=1.32%, p

The mother-offspring behaviour patterns were monitored in 10 ewes and their new-born lamb(s), during one month, between 1015 am and 1915 pm. Inside the shelter, the temperature ranged between 9 and 20°C and outside, there was sunny weather, with mild wind blow. The observations were made from 10 m distance, without breaking into the sheep’s flight zone. There were observed 2130 patterns of ewe-lamb interaction, belonging to 22 main manifestations of maternal behaviour. The most frequently observed behaviour in the ewes was lamb grooming (licking): licking the head of the lamb was observed 356 times (41%), followed by licking the forequarter – 265 times (30%), the back of the lamb – 131 times (15%), the abdominal area – 91 times (10%) and the perineal and/or anogenital area – 36 times (4%). Studies of maternal and neonatal behaviour in sheep contribute to development of management practices, resulting in decreased neonatal mortality, increased meat production and improvement of animal health and welfare. They also confirm the importance of ethology in the veterinary practice.