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Antisepsis and disinfection have always played an important role in the fight against infectious diseases. The use of these products has been effective in breaking the chain of transmission of microorganisms. Today, with the advent of COVID-19, the main recommendations are, among other things, physical distance and the use of antiseptic products, including hydro-alcoholic products. In Senegal, with poor regulations on the acquisition and distribution of antiseptics and disinfectants, this situation has led to a proliferation of antiseptics and disinfectants on the national market. this work aimed to study the quality of hydroalcoholic products found in the trade. We evaluated ten samples of hydro-alcohol products collected during the month of March 2020. Physical and microbiological controls were performed at the National Drug Control Laboratory. The alcohol content of the samples ranged from 63 to 85% and were consistent with WHO recommendations except for samples E3 and E5. The pH values varied between 4.02 and 6.64 and the densities of the hydro-alcoholic gel samples ranged from 0.84 to 0.92 g/cm3; E2, E4, E5, E6 samples had densities greater than 0.89 g/cm3. The samples of hydro-alcoholic products all conformed to the sterility test and no microbiological contamination was observed. Antimicrobial activities of the hydro-alcoholic samples tested ranged from 58.3 to 100% with two samples showing no activity (E2 and E5). In view of the results of this study, it would be relevant to expand and deepen investigations by a significant increase in the number of samples and by carrying out as complete an analysis as possible.

Methods proposed by pharmacopeias to check the quality of chlorpheniramine maleate tablets are multi steps methods which involve extraction and present issues with repeatability. An alternative method is proposed with a sensitive, reliable, simple and rapid UV-VISIBLE spectrophotometry method developed for the determination without extraction of chlorpheniramine maleate in tablets. The method was validated using the accuracy profile approach with an accuracy ranging from 99.70 to 100.46%. Analysis was done using 0.25 mol/L sulfuric acid, distilled water, and raw material in a room at 23 °C for 25 to 30 minutes. Chlorpheniramine maleate concentration varied from 0.018 to 0.03 mg/mL. The method was found to be specific with the appearance of the corresponding maxima at 265 nm and a correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.9993. Limits of detection and quantification were respectively 1.39 × 10-4and 2.26 × 10-3 mg/mL. The tolerance limits for the different concentration levels (75, 100 and 125%) were respectively: 88.37; 92.74 and91.62% for lower limits and 111.03; 108.17 and 108.02% for upper limits. It was observed that the tolerance limits were within the limits of acceptability set at 20%. Consequently, the method was declared valid and reliable for routine analysis of chlorpheniramine maleate in tablets containing chlorphenamine as active principle.Keywords : Chlorpheniramine maleate, tablets, accuracy profile, assay method without extraction, validation

Methods proposed by pharmacopeias to control the quality of Efavirenz, an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of AIDS are based on expensive equipment which are most of the time not available in African countries. To solve this issue, using UV-visible spectrophotometry, a cheap and easy-to-use device available in many laboratories on the African continent; a sensitive, reliable, simple and rapid method has been validated for the determination of the active substance Evafirenz in Efavirenz tablets, to control their quality by checking its dosage. The accuracy profile approach was adopted. The response function gave a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9987. The detection and quantification limits were 0.15625 μg / mL and 0.515625 μg / mL, respectively. The acceptability limit has been set at 15%. The tolerance limits for the different concentration levels (80, 100 and 120%) are represented respectively as follows: lower limits 86.2; 90.3 and 96.1%; upper limits 100.2; 106.3 and 113.7%. The tolerance limits are within the acceptability limits for values around 100% concentration (7 μg / mL). Therefore, the method was declared valid and reliable for the analysis of Efavirenz in Efavirenz tablets and could routinely be used in laboratories for the quality control of EFAVIRENZ drug. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Efavirenz, accuracy profile, spectrophotometry, pharmaceutical formulation

Les plantes traditionnelles presentent generalement de nombreuses proprietes therapeutiques. L’objectif de la presente etude consistait a evaluer l’activite antioxydante des extraits des feuilles de Aphania senegalensis et de Saba senegalensis par spectrophotometrie moleculaire au moyen des methodes de piegeage des radicaux libres 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyle (DPPH • ) et acide 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonique) (ABTS +• ). Une extraction ethanolique des feuilles de ces deux plantes a ete effectuee au Soxhlet. Les deux extraits secs, redissouts dans de l’eau, ont ete fractionnes en utilisant successivement l’hexane, le dichloromethane et l’acetate d’ethyle. Les proprietes antioxydantes des extraits et celles de leurs differentes fractions ont ete evaluees a differentes concentrations : 5, 10, 25 et 150 μg/ml. Les pourcentages d’inhibition (PI) expriment l’effet antioxydant mesure. Une activite de piegeage des deux radicaux libres a ete associee aux deux extraits et a l’ensemble des fractions. Pour les tests d’inhibition de l’absorbance du radical DPPH • , les PI ont varie de (22,20±0,03)% a (91,30±0,08)%. Avec le radical ABTS +• , les PI ont varie de (54,37±0,02)% a (99,13±0,01)%. Les extraits ethanoliques des feuilles de Aphania senegalensis et de Saba senegalensis et leurs differentes fractions presentent ainsi un pouvoir antioxydant. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Plante medicinale, ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid)), DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyle), spectrophotometrie moleculaire English Title: Antioxidant activity of leaves extracts of Aphania senegalensis (Sapindaceae) and Saba senegalensis (Apocynaceae) English Abstract Several therapeutic properties are often associated with traditional plants. The antioxidant properties of Aphania senegalensis and Saba senegalensis leaf extracts were evaluated by molecular spectrophotometry and using two radical scavenging methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2’-azino bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The leaves of each plant were extracted with ethanol using a Soxhlet extractor apparatus. The two dry ethanolic extracts were dissolved in water then fractionated using successively hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activities of the extracts and their different fractions were determined at various concentrations: 5, 10, 25 and 150 μg/ml. The antioxidant capacity was expressed as percent inhibition (PI). The extracts and their different fractions scavenged DPPH • and ABTS +• free radicals. The DPPH assay showed PI varying from 22.20±0.03% to 91.30±0.08%. With the ABTS +• radical, the PI varied from 54.37±0.02% to 99.13±0.01%. The ethanolic extracts of Aphania senegalensis and Saba senegalensis as well as their fractions showed antioxidant capacities. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Medicinal plant, ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid)), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), molecular spectrophotometry

Les aflatoxines sont des mycotoxines produites par certaines souches de champignons (Aspergillus) qui se developpent dans les graines d'arachide. L'arachide et ses produits de transformation tels que l'huile et la pâte etant tres consommes au Senegal, les risques d'intoxication par les aflatoxines sont potentiels. Ce travail a porte sur la determination des niveaux de contamination par les aflatoxines des huiles artisanales et des pâtes d'arachide consommees au Senegal. L'analyse par chromatographie liquide haute performance (CLHP) des differents echantillons a permis de constater une forte contamination en aflatoxine B1 (la plus redoutee) des huiles et pâtes artisanales vendues dans les marches. Les pâtes industrielles et menageres sont quant a elles, pour la plupart saines et propres a la consommation. Aflatoxines are mycotoxines produced by certain stumps of mushrooms (Aspergillus) which develop in the seeds of groundnut. The groundnut and its products of transformation such as the oil and the dough being very consummate in Senegal, risks of poisoning by aflatoxines are potential. This work concerned the determination of the levels of contagion by the aflatoxines of home-made oil and some peanut pastry consumed in Senegal. The analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the various samples allowed to notice a strong contagion aflatoxine B1 (the most dreaded) of home-made oil and pastas sold in markets. Industrial and domestic pastry foods are as for them, for the greater part healthy and fit for consumption.

L’objectif de la presente etude etait d’evaluer l’activite antioxydante des extraits des feuilles de Vitex doniana par spectrophotometrie en utilisant les methodes de piegeage des radicaux libres 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyle (DPPH•) et acide 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonique) (ABTS+•). Une extraction ethanolique des feuilles de Vitex doniana a ete effectuee au Soxhlet. L’extrait sec recueilli a ete redissout dans de l’eau puis fractionne en utilisant successivement de l’hexane, du dichloromethane et de l’acetate d’ethyle. Les proprietes antioxydantes de l’extrait ethanolique et celles de ses differentes fractions ont ete evaluees aux concentrations de 2,5 ; 10 ; 100 et 200 μg/mL. Les pourcentages d’inhibition (PI) expriment l’effet antioxydant mesure. L’extrait ethanolique et ses differentes fractions ont presente une activite de piegeage des deux radicaux libres. Lors des tests d’inhibition de l’absorbance du radical DPPH•, les PI ont varie de (18,15±0,01)% pour la fraction hexanique (2,5 μg/mL) a (92,45±0,01)% pour la fraction d’acetate d’ethyle (100 μg/mL). Avec le radical ABTS+•, les PI ont varie de (52,76±0,05)% pour la fraction hexanique (2,5 μg/mL) a (98,27±0,12)% pour la fraction d’acetate d’ethyle (100 μg/mL). Ainsi, l’extrait ethanolique des feuilles de Vitex doniana et ses differentes fractions possedent un pouvoir antioxydant significatif. Mots cles : Activite antioxydante, DPPH, ABTS, Vitex doniana.