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Congenital anomalies of the large vessels are rare. Left inferior vena cava is the second most common anomaly after duplication. They are a challenge that some Departments of Urology and Vascular Disease face. We report the case of a patient admitted for kidney transplantation in whom left inferior vena cava was detected on radiological evaluation performed in the preoperative period., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts., (© Khalid Elmortaji et al.)

Disorders of sex differentiation cause a discrepancy between sex itself (phenotype) and genetic sex (genotype) which poses a problem in sex determination. In lower socioeconomic level countries where prenatal diagnosis is often absent and technical equipments are inadequate, medical and surgical management is difficult. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of laparoscopy in the management of sexual ambiguity through observation of 4 cases and review of the literature.