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The article deals with the issue of the limits of the obligation of the guarantor, i.e. the person who is under a specific legal obligation to prevent a criminal effect, on the basis of substantive criminal law. The author considers whether the limits of this obligation are in any way limited with regard to a person performing the profession of a doctor. For this purpose, she analyses the provisions of the Act on the Professions of a Doctor and Dentist and the Code of Medical Ethics and the provisions of the Penal Code. Then, referring to the achievements of the criminal law doctrine, she distinguishes particular types of risk. The article ends by providing an answer to the question of whether the doctor is obliged to save the health or life of the patient if this involves exposure to personal danger.is under a specific legal obligation to prevent a criminal effect, on the basis of substantive criminal law. The author considers whether the limits of this obligation are in any way limited with regard to a person performing the profession of a doctor. For this purpose, she analyses the provisions of the Act on the Professions of a Doctor and Dentist and the Code of Medical Ethics and the provisions of the Penal Code. Then, referring to the achievements of the criminal law doctrine, she distinguishes particular types of risk. The article ends by providing an answer to the question of whether the doctor is obliged to save the health or life of the patient if this involves exposure to personal danger., Artykuł dotyczy problematyki granic obowiązku gwaranta, czyli osoby, na której ciąży prawny, szczególny obowiązek zapobiegnięcia skutkowi przestępnemu na gruncie prawa karnego materialnego. Autorka rozważa, czy granice tego obowiązku są w odniesieniu do osoby wykonującej zawód lekarza w jakikolwiek sposób limitowane. W tym celu poddaje analizie przepisy ustawy o zawodach lekarza i lekarza dentysty oraz Kodeksu etyki lekarskiej oraz przepisy Kodeksu karnego. Następnie, odwołując się do dorobku doktryny prawa karnego, wyróżnia poszczególne rodzaje ryzyka. Zakończenie artykułu stanowi odpowiedź na pytanie, czy lekarz ma obowiązek ratowania zdrowia lub życia pacjenta z narażeniem się na niebezpieczeństwo osobiste.

This paper highlights the issues arising from an obligation such as surety. Under the provisions of the Polish Civil Code, the legal position of a guarantor is closely related to non-legal factors. The ambiguity and uncertainty of the status of a guarantor are even greater due to the variability in time of the normative construction of a surety. Therefore, in addition to the measures available in law, a certain counterweight, such as the general public values, is necessary to address this state of affairs. The most widely understood trust, being the necessary condition for the proper development of a modern democratic state of law, may undoubtedly play that role., This paper highlights the issues arising from an obligation such as surety. Under the provisions of the Polish Civil Code, the legal position of a guarantor is closely related to non-legal factors. The ambiguity and uncertainty of the status of a guarantor are even greater due to the variability in time of the normative construction of a surety. Therefore, in addition to the measures available in law, a certain counterweight, such as the general public values, is necessary to address this state of affairs. The most widely understood trust, being the necessary condition for the proper development of a modern democratic state of law, may undoubtedly play that role.