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The article performs an analysis of 46th USA President’s inaugural speech in the spirit of Neo-Aristotelian concepts. The article also contains an analysis of inaugural speech genre, matching Joe Biden’s case as a hybrid, and analyses elocutio and the way the speaker claims the space of communication. The article also refers to Aristotle’s concept of ethos.

The article sums up the reflections on the relics of medieval plaster and layers of paint on the walls, columns and pillars of the Norbertine nuns convent in Strzelno completed around the 2nd-3rd quarter of the 13th century. The relics of the polychromies observed by numerous enthusiasts of the Romanesque Strzelno and discovered during archaeological excavations were topped with the results of conservation-restoration works which uncovered the first figural polychromies in the chancel’s apse. Following verification of the dating of the colours of the church’s interior, an indication was made that in the 13th century, the colour red prevailed; in the 15th-16th centuries, the figural scenes of the apse sported many colours while the remaining part of the sacrum was brightened up with three-colour, geometric patterns. To complete the range of colours, floor tiles were added. Examples have been provided of specialist painting analyses. The entire arrangement has been compared with selected colourful medieval structures. References have been made to the symbolism of the colours used in the Middle Ages and thecontemporary, erroneous perception of Romanesque architecture as rustic, devoid of plaster and colours.

Athenian funeral oration (epitaphios logos) belongs to the epideictic rhetoric. But according to Aristotle the topics used in epideictic oratory could be applied in the deliberative kind, after some modification in the matters of language. In this article I consider the means proposed in the narrative part of the composition, which can be used instead of argumentation in epideictic oratory, i.e. amplification, metaphors and actualization (putting things before the eyes, gr. energeia, lat. evidentia). My purpose is to answer the question who was/is the recipient of Athenian funeral oration. In my opinion there are three kinds of primary recipients: the dead soldiers in the battle, the listeners present at the celebration (Athenians and foreigners) and the Idea of Democracy itself. I also try to find the so-called secondary recipient of Athenian funeral oration. I treat Athenian funeral oration as a hybrid genre of Greek rhetoric.

In the paper, an attempt has been made to describe the cultural and linguistic contacts between the local Maya civilization and the Spanish conquistadores. The consequences of that contact for the local culture and Mayan-Spanish interrelationships have been discussed. The authors emphasize that as a result of this intensive and long-time contact, the Spanish culture has not been completely imposed on the Maya culture, nor has Spanish language completely subjugated the Mayan language.

Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie zbieżności poglądów dwóch przedstawicieli modernizmu, Thomasa S. Eliota i Konstandinosa P. Kawafisa. Studium porównawcze poprzedza krótka charakterystyka epoki, pozwalająca wysunąć tezę badawczą: Kawafis mógł wyprzedzić o kilkanaście lat postulaty literackie Eliota. Tekst skupia się na podobieństwie postaw literackich obu autorów, dlatego podstawę analiz stanowi wybrana twórczość eseistyczno-krytyczna Eliota oraz Kanon i pisma teoretyczne Kawafisa. Tekst koncentruje się na następujących aspektach: zestawienie świata przedstawionego Kawafisa z klasycystycznymi poglądami Eliota, omówienie głębszej warstwy założeń literackich obu autorów (porównanie Ars Poetica Kawafisa z Theory of Impersonal Poetry Eliota), spojrzenie na styl Aleksandryjczyka przez pryzmat sądów estetycznych Eliota oraz kwestie związane z procesem twórczym i cechami artysty (dojrzałość i miejsce poety w spektrum homo vates – homo faber).

One of the major achievements of the Maya civilization was an introduction and development of an exceptionally refined writing system. In the history of that civilization, three basic periods may be distinguished: pre-classical (2000 yBP – 250 yBP), classical (250 yBP – 900 yP), and post-classical (900 yP till the Spanish Conquest). It is especially the classical period in which a tremendous development of Maya architecture and art took place. It is also in this period that a growing number of inscriptions were produced, though the first glyphs had occurred much earlier.

Odysseus or in Latin, Ulysses, is kind of literary character who, by his special qualities and his adventures, gives writers many possibilities of variation in reworking the myth. The demand of the audience as well as the authors’ desire for originality provide the main motive of the myth to be presented in a new way. Thanks to it, every writer, who undertakes a piece of work, tries to produce a new portrait of the well-known mythical hero. The source of variation in the myth can also be the natural tendency of authors to assimilate the old material to contemporary fashions and customs1. Problems of morality must have also arisen in the development of the myth over the centuries. Another cause of change in the traditional material lies in the writer’s technical inventions. All of these factors are interesting enough to the present author in presenting the many faces of the Homeric hero, Odysseus, which have changed over the course of time.

Diachroniczny Sokrates Kostasa Varnalisa

A few aspects of well-known Athenian ISONOMIA in Ancient Greece and its opposition to the profession of a logographer

Wizerunek filozofa greckiego jako transkomunikatora zarządzającego zasobamijęzykowymi i pozajęzykowymi

Krystyna TUSZYŃSKA (Poland) Review of the book of Karolina Gortych-Michalak “Struktura polskich, greckich i cypryjskich aktow normatywnych. Studium porownawcze w aspekcie translatologicznym”. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe CONTACT, 2013. ISBN 978-83-60251-71-3