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The article informs about the presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to the identifiable stressors occurring within the onset of the stressors. Topics include the clinician's judgment the symptoms and severe distress or significant impairment in social, occupational appears in the International Classification of Diseases; and studies of American Psychiatric Association on how Adjustment disorders is impossible to diagnose.

The relationship between Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse has been known for quite some time. Nevertheless there isn’t much research in non-clinical studies between such a disorder an alcohol abuse. The objective of this paper is to compare the presence of Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in adolescents with alcohol use and abuse. We assessed on a voluntary and anonymous basis a sample (N= 322) of teenagers with screening scales that measured Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse, Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking. Comparisons were made between adolescents who presented alcohol abuse (n= 44) and those who reported alcohol use (n= 150). The highest frequency of Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits was found in adolescents with alcohol abuse. The differences found in both groups coincide with past studies. These findings and previous investigations prove the convenience of providing early interventions to prevent problems related to alcohol and other substances in preteens when Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on mental disorders and other circumstances they are characterized by presenting hopelessness; such as depression, use of substances, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual abuse and especially, suicidal ideation among others. It mentions fundamental directions of the person, in the social context of material relationships and measurements of hopelessness, quality of life, specific symptoms of the disorder, therapeutic adherence.

The objective of the present study is to analyze the differences in performance in conventional verbal (semantic and phonological) and emotional fluency tests (total, positive and negative) between among adolescents with and without probable conduct disorder. at the same time, to extract the emotional resilience index, the specific indexes according to the valence of the emotion (positive and negative) and to analyze the relationship with callousunemotional traits. Participation: a total of 242 adolescents, 102 with conduct disorder symptoms and 140 without conduct disorder. aged between 11 and 18 years (M=15.9; sd=1.75), male (62%) and female (38%). Results: no significant differences were observed between the groups. However, there is a positive relationship between phonological verbal fluency and conduct disorder and a negative relationship with callus-unemotional traits. positive relationship between semantic verbal fluency and conduct disorder. negative relationship between emotional verbal fluency and callus-unemotional traits and the unemotional dimension. positive emotional verbal fluency was negatively related to inexpressiveness, while negative emotional verbal fluency was negatively related to uncaring. Finally, the index of emotional resistance was positively related to conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits, positive index to conduct disorder, and negative index to callous-unemotional traits and uncaring. the results suggest that emotional verbal fluency is differentially related to conduct disorder and, callousunemotional traits. the possible implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]