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In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of Si02 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of Si02 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077 Jong-Seong Chae, Su-Ah Choi, Young-Hyo Kia, Sae-Cheon Oh, Chang-Kook Ryu, Tae-In [...]

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of SiO2 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of Si02 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of SiO2 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of SiO2 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of SiO2 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077 Jong-Seong Chae, Su-Ah Choi, Young-Hyo Kia, Sae-Cheon Oh, Chang-Kook Ryu, Tae-In [...]

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of SiO2 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077

In South Korea, ocean dumping of organic sludges has been prohibited by the London Convention and by Korean regulations. Therefore, the Government of South Korea has sought an alternative process for the disposal of organic sludges. Recently, the combined fry-drying and melting system has been recognized as an efficient way to utilize the energy content of organic industrial sludge. Three kinds of fry-dried industrial sludges (obtained from industrial sites DG, DJ and GM), which had average heating value of 20,470 kJ/kg and less than 5% water content, were tested. Unlike sewage sludge, industrial sludge contains high concentrations of heavy metals and thus cannot be directly utilized as refuse-derived fuel. The dried sludges were melted in a furnace and then rapidly cooled to form vitrified slags; the vitrification of SiO2 securely encapsulates hazardous heavy metals within the crystalline structure of the slag. To evaluate the hazard of vitrified slag, the heavy metal elution concentration was analyzed. Following vitrification, Hg, Cd, Cr+6, HCN and Pb concentrations were not detectable, whereas Cu concentration decreased from 26.78 mg/L to 0.42 mg/L in DJ sludge, from 27.10 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L in DG and from 49.47 mg/L to 0.047 mg/L in GM sludge., http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389416303077

Fourteen water and sediment samples were collected from the Nakdong River Basin in Korea to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon) in water and total heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As) in surface sediments. The assessment of physico-chemical parameters indicates that river water and sediments in the study area were strongly impacted by industrial wastewater, irrigational effluents and domestic sewage. The overall average concentrations of metals in sediments were Cu (6.41 mg/kg), Cd (0.11 mg/kg), Pb (4.72 mg/kg), Zn (16.8 mg/kg), As (0.19 mg/kg), and the order of the concentrations was Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. Geo-accumulation index (I geo) indicates that most of samples fall at unpolluted to medium category, while contamination factor values fall at the medium to very high pollution zone. Pollution load index also suggests that all samples fall at progressive pollution sector. Multivariate statistical analysis and pollution index methods were helpful for the classification on the basis of the contamination sources and origin of heavy metals. In conclusion, this study clearly infers the fact that the cause of metal pollution in this region is mainly due to the effluents discharged from factories, agricultural fields and sewers., http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-015-4836-2 By S. Y. Chung, S. Venkatramanan, N. Park, T. Ramkumar, S. B. Sujitha, M. P. [...]

Fourteen water and sediment samples were collected from the Nakdong River Basin in Korea to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon) in water and total heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As) in surface sediments. The assessment of physico-chemical parameters indicates that river water and sediments in the study area were strongly impacted by industrial wastewater, irrigational effluents and domestic sewage. The overall average concentrations of metals in sediments were Cu (6.41 mg/kg), Cd (0.11 mg/kg), Pb (4.72 mg/kg), Zn (16.8 mg/kg), As (0.19 mg/kg), and the order of the concentrations was Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. Geo-accumulation index (I geo) indicates that most of samples fall at unpolluted to medium category, while contamination factor values fall at the medium to very high pollution zone. Pollution load index also suggests that all samples fall at progressive pollution sector. Multivariate statistical analysis and pollution index methods were helpful for the classification on the basis of the contamination sources and origin of heavy metals. In conclusion, this study clearly infers the fact that the cause of metal pollution in this region is mainly due to the effluents discharged from factories, agricultural fields and sewers., http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-015-4836-2 By S. Y. Chung, S. Venkatramanan , N. Park, T. Ramkumar, S. B. Sujitha, M. P. [...]

Fourteen water and sediment samples were collected from the Nakdong River Basin in Korea to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon) in water and total heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As) in surface sediments. The assessment of physico-chemical parameters indicates that river water and sediments in the study area were strongly impacted by industrial wastewater, irrigational effluents and domestic sewage. The overall average concentrations of metals in sediments were Cu (6.41 mg/kg), Cd (0.11 mg/kg), Pb (4.72 mg/kg), Zn (16.8 mg/kg), As (0.19 mg/kg), and the order of the concentrations was Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. Geo-accumulation index (I geo) indicates that most of samples fall at unpolluted to medium category, while contamination factor values fall at the medium to very high pollution zone. Pollution load index also suggests that all samples fall at progressive pollution sector. Multivariate statistical analysis and pollution index methods were helpful for the classification on the basis of the contamination sources and origin of heavy metals. In conclusion, this study clearly infers the fact that the cause of metal pollution in this region is mainly due to the effluents discharged from factories, agricultural fields and sewers., http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-015-4836-2 By S. Y. Chung, S. Venkatramanan, N. Park, T. Ramkumar, S. B. Sujitha, M. P. [...]

Fourteen water and sediment samples were collected from the Nakdong River Basin in Korea to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon) in water and total heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As) in surface sediments. The assessment of physico-chemical parameters indicates that river water and sediments in the study area were strongly impacted by industrial wastewater, irrigational effluents and domestic sewage. The overall average concentrations of metals in sediments were Cu (6.41 mg/kg), Cd (0.11 mg/kg), Pb (4.72 mg/kg), Zn (16.8 mg/kg), As (0.19 mg/kg), and the order of the concentrations was Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. Geo-accumulation index (I geo) indicates that most of samples fall at unpolluted to medium category, while contamination factor values fall at the medium to very high pollution zone. Pollution load index also suggests that all samples fall at progressive pollution sector. Multivariate statistical analysis and pollution index methods were helpful for the classification on the basis of the contamination sources and origin of heavy metals. In conclusion, this study clearly infers the fact that the cause of metal pollution in this region is mainly due to the effluents discharged from factories, agricultural fields and sewers., http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-015-4836-2 By S. Y. Chung, S. Venkatramanan , N. Park, T. Ramkumar, S. B. Sujitha, M. P. [...]