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This work vividly demonstrates the rational design of VSe 2-x O x -SS cathode as an effective strategy to achieve fast and highly aqueous zinc ion storage. [Display omitted] • A simple and fast surface oxygen implantation strategy was designed to adjust the electronic structure of VSe 2 and form a surface protective film. • The VSe 2-x O x -SS-30 electrode showed higher specific capacity, better rate performance and more satisfactory cycling stability. • The zinc (de)intercalation and transformation reactions mechanism was revealed by some ex-situ/in-situ techniques. Interfacial chemical modification is an effective strategy to adjust the strong Coulombic ion-lattice interactions with high valence cations experienced by electrode materials, facilitating the reaction kinetic. In this paper, a simple and fast surface oxygen implantation strategy was designed to adjust the electronic structure of stainless steel (SS) supported vanadium diselenide (VSe 2) nanosheets and form a surface protective film, which effectively accelerates the reaction kinetics of Zn2+ and extends the cycle life of the battery. It is demonstrated that the conductivity, pseudocapacitance and specific capacity can be tuned by selectively introducing oxygen species to the surface, which provides an important reference for the design of electrodes with controlled surface chemistry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also confirm that the electronic structure can be adjusted by surface oxygen injection strategy, which not only improves the conductivity, but also adjusts the adsorption energy, thus providing favorable conditions for zinc ion storage. Benefiting from the selenium vacancies and pores generated by the removal of part of selenium, and the oxide film formed on the surfaces, the VSe 2-x O x -SS-30 electrode showed higher specific capacity (188.4 mAh/g at 0.5 A g−1 after 50 cycles), better rate performance (107.1 mAh/g at 4 A g−1) and more satisfactory cycling stability (83.1 mAh/g at 5 A g−1 after 1800 cycles) than VSe 2 -SS electrode. Importantly, the flexible quasi-solid-state VSe 2-x O x -SS-30//Zn battery also exhibits high specific capacity and excellent environmental adaptability. Furthermore, the zinc (de)intercalation and transformation reactions mechanism was revealed by some ex-situ/in-situ techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), in which inflammatory signaling caused by activation of the NF-κB pathway plays an important role. A20 is an important negative regulator of the NF-κB pathway, and zinc promotes the expression of A20 and exerts a protective effect against various diseases (e.g. COVID19) by inhibiting the inflammatory signaling. The role of A20 and intracellular zinc signaling in PH has been explored, but the extracellular zinc signaling is not well understood, and whether zinc has protective effects on PH is still elusive. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we studied the alteration of trace elements during the progression of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH and found that serum zinc concentration was decreased with the onset of PH accompanied by abnormalities of other three elements, including copper, chromium, and magnesium. Zinc chloride injection with the dosage of 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally partially corrected this abnormality and inhibited the progression of PH. Zinc supplementation induced the expression of A20 in lung tissue and reduce the inflammatory responses. In vitro , zinc supplementation time-dependently upregulated the expression of A20 in PASMCs, therefore correcting the excessive proliferation and migration of cells caused by hypoxia. Using genetically encoded-FRET based zinc probe, we found that these effects of zinc ions are not achieved by entering cells, but most likely by activating cell surface zinc receptor (ZnR/GPR39). These results provide the first evidence of the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in the treatment of PH. [Display omitted] • MCT-induced PH can be accompanied by abnormal metabolism of zinc, cobalt, copper and magnesium. • Zinc exerts a protective effect on MCT-induced PH rats by up-regulating A20 expression. • Zinc regulates the expression of A20 through the cell surface receptor GPR39. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The fabricated Ti 3 CN has enhanced physical and electronic properties and favorable zincophilic sites (N and F). • Ti 3 CN-protected Zn anode facilitate lateral growth of deposited zinc metal and rapid desolvation kinetics. • It presents a novel approach to designing protective layers for high-performance zinc anodes. Dendrite growth and side reactions of zinc metal anode have severely limited the practical application of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, we introduce an artificial buffer layer composed of functional MXene (Ti 3 CN) for zinc anodes. The synthesized Ti 3 CN exhibits superior conductivity and features duplex zincophilic sites (N and F). These characteristics facilitate the homogeneous deposition of Zn2+, accelerate the desolvation process of hydrated Zn2+, and reduce the nucleation overpotential. The Ti 3 CN-protected Zn anode demonstrates significantly enhanced reversibility compared to bare Zn anode during long-term cycling, achieving a cumulative plating capacity of 10,000 mAh cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2. In Ti 3 CN-Zn||Cu asymmetric cell, it maintains nearly 100 % Coulombic efficiency over 2500 cycles at 2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the assembled Ti 3 CN-Zn//δ-K 0.51 V 2 O 5 (KVO) full cell exhibit a low capacity decay rate of 0.002 % per cycle at 5 A/g. Even at 0 °C, the Ti 3 CN-Zn symmetric cell maintains steady cycling for 2000 h. This study introduces a novel approach for designing artificial solid electrolyte interlayers for commercial AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon nanoparticles layer coated zinc anode with (1 0 3) crystal plane preferential oriented crystal structure (denoted as C@RZn) is prepared by a facile one-step vapor deposition method, and showed great potentials in extending lifespan and inhibiting dendrite growth. [Display omitted] • The C@RZn was prepared by a facile one-step vapor deposition method. • The C@RZn is combining crystallographic orientation and coating layer. • The C@RZn can guide the deposition of Zn2+ ions and inhibit the dendrite growth. • The C@RZn anode achieves a stable cycle life for more than 3000 h. • The MVO//C@RZn cell keep stable for 5000 cycles. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have been considered promising energy storage systems due to their excellent electrochemical performance, environmental toxicity, high safety and low cost. However, uncontrolled dendrite growth and side reactions at the zinc anode have seriously hindered the development of ZIBs. Herein, we prepared the carbon nanoparticles layer coated zinc anode with (1 0 3) crystal plane preferential oriented crystal structure (denoted as C@RZn) by a facile one-step vapor deposition method. The preferential crystallographic orientation of (1 0 3) crystal plane promotes zinc deposition at a slight angle, effectively preventing the formation of Zn dendrites on the surface. In addition, the hydrophobic layer of carbon layer used as an inert physical barrier to prevent corrosion reaction and a buffer during volume changes, thus improving the reversibility of the zinc anode. As a result. the C@RZn anode achieves a stable cycle performance of more than 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2 with CE of 99.77 % at 5 mA cm−2. The full battery with C@RZn anode and Mn-doped V 6 O 13 (MVO) cathode show stability for 5000 cycles at the current density of 5 A g−1. This work provides a new approach for the design of multifunctional interfaces for Zn anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The simultaneous intercalation of protons and Zn2+ ions in aqueous electrolytes presents a significant obstacle to the widespread adoption of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) for large-scale use, a challenge that has yet to be overcome. To address this, we have developed a MnO 2 /tetramethylammonium (TMA) superstructure with an enlarged interlayer spacing, designed specifically to control H+/Zn2+ co-intercalation in AZIBs. Within this superstructure, the pre-intercalated TMA+ ions work as spacers to stabilize the layered structure of MnO 2 cathodes and expand the interlayer spacing substantially by 28 % to 0.92 nm. Evidence from in operando pH measurements, in operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the enlarged interlayer spacing facilitates the diffusion and intercalation of Zn2+ ions (which have a large ionic radius) into the MnO 2 cathodes. This spacing also helps suppress the competing H+ intercalation and the formation of detrimental Zn 4 (OH) 6 SO 4 ·5H 2 O, thereby enhancing the structural stability of MnO 2. As a result, enhanced Zn2+ storage properties, including excellent capacity and long cycle stability, are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biomass-derived "zincophilic-hydrophobic" SEI layer is constructed on the Zn anode for dendrite-free, side reaction-free, and fast Zn electrodeposition. [Display omitted] Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) face significant challenges stemming from Zn dendrite growth and water-contact attack, primarily due to the lack of a well-designed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to safeguard the Zn anode. Herein, we report a bio-mass derived polymer of chitin on Zn anode (Zn@chitin) as a novel and robust artificial SEI layer to boost the Zn anode rechargeability. The polymeric chitin SEI layer features both zincophilic and hydrophobic characteristics to target the suppressed dendritic Zn formation as well as the water-induced side reactions, thus harvesting a dendrite-free and corrosion-resistant Zn anode. More importantly, this polymeric interphase layer is strong and flexible accommodating the volume changes during repeated cycling. Based on these benefits, the Zn@chitin anode demonstrates prolonged cycling performance surpassing 1300 h under an ultra-large current density of 20 mA cm−2, and a long cycle life of 680 h with a record-high zinc utilization rate of 80 %. Besides, the assembled Zn@chitin/V 2 O 5 full batteries reveal excellent capacity retention and rate performance under practical conditions, proving the reliability of our proposed strategy for industrial AZIBs. Our research offers valuable insights for constructing high-performance AZIBs, and simultaneously realizes the high-efficient use of cheap biomass from a "waste-to-wealth" concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel urchin-like (NH 4) 2 V 10 O 25 ·8H 2 O are synthesized by solvothermal method. • The enlarged interlayer spacing speeds up the Zn2+ insertion/extraction. • The interlayer pillaring facilitates rapid and stable zinc ion storage. • NH 4 + provides a flexible framework structure. • The urchin-like morphology maintains the structural stability during (dis)charging. The practical application of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) can be facilitated by designing cathode materials with unique structures that can overcome the critical problems of slow reaction kinetics and large volume expansion associated with the intercalation reaction of divalent zinc ions. In this study, a novel urchin-like (NH 4) 2 V 10 O 25 ·8H 2 O assembled from nanorods was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, noted as U-NVO. The interlayer organic pillar of cetyltrimethylammonium cation (CTAB) has been intercalated between layers to regulate the interlayer microstructure and expand the interlayer spacing to 1.32 nm, which effectively increased the contact between the electrode and electrolyte interface and shortened the diffusion path of electrolyte ions. The interlayer pillars of structural H 2 O and NH 4 + provide a flexible framework structure and enhance the cohesion of the layered structure, which helps to maintain structural stability during the charging and discharging process, resulting in long-term durability. These unique properties result in the U-NVO cathodes demonstrating high specific capacity (401.7 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (99.6 % retention from 0.1 to 5 A g−1 and back to 0.1 A g−1), and long-term cycling performance (∼87.5 % capacity retention after 2600 cycles). These results offer valuable insights into the design of high-performance vanadium oxide cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogel based on polyacrylamide/carboxylated cellulose nanofibers/betaine citrate is constructed. The non-covalent interactions within the supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogels results in the formation of inter-crosslinked polymer networks. The strong coordination between betaine citrate with negative loading groups and zinc ions leads to rapid transfer of zinc ions by molecular slippage inside the polymer, which improved the transfer kinetics of zinc ions. Meanwhile, anchoring of various polar groups in the supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogel on the surface of the zinc anode provides active sites for the rapid and uniform deposition of zinc ions. [Display omitted] • Molecular slip mechanisms enhance the diffusion kinetics of Zn2+. • Zwitterionic coordination effect improves deposition kinetics. • Polar group anchoring effects protect zinc anodes. • Zn mental battery exhibits outstanding cycle performance. The severe hydrogen evolution reaction and parasitic side reaction on Zn anode are the key issues which hinder the development of aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices. Herein, a polyacrylamide/carboxylated cellulose nanofibers/betaine citrate supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogels with molecular slip effects are proposed for enhancing Zn2+ diffusion and protecting Zn anodes. Non-covalent interactions within supramolecular hydrogels forms the skeleton for molecular slip and the strong coordination of carboxyl and amino groups with Zn2+ further facilitates the rapid Zn2+ transfer. Additionally, anchoring carboxyl and amino groups at the anode promotes the uniform deposition of Zn2+and protects Zn anode. On the basis of molecular slip mechanism and anchoring effect in the supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogels, Zn||Zn symmetric batteries undergo 800 h of stable electroplating stripping at a depth of discharge of 80 %. Zn||Cu asymmetric batteries exhibit an impressive average coulombic efficiency of 99.4 % over a remarkable span of 900 cycles at a current density of 15 mA cm−2. Furthermore, Zn||NH 4 V 4 O 10 batteries successfully undergo over 1,000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Intrinsic ion diffusion mechanism of supramolecular hydrogel electrolytes provides an original strategy for the application of high-performance Zn-based energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnCl 2 was used as a salt additive to the ZnSO 4 electrolyte, formed a 3D architecture of micro-sized hemispherical Sn particles inhibits the growth of Zn-dendrites. Besides, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) consists of ZnO and ZnS realize homogenous Zn-stripping/plating operation. [Display omitted] Aqueous Zn-metal batteries open up promising prospects for large-scale energy storage due to the advantages of ample components, cost-effectiveness, and safety features. However, the notorious dendritic development and unavoidable hydrogen evolution reaction of Zn have grown to be one of the main barriers inhibiting its further commercialization. Despite substantial studies, the mechanism of nucleation and deposition of Zn2+ ions on zinc layer surfaces remains elusive. Here, inspired by additive, the SnCl 2 additive is introduced to initiate the in-situ formation of the ZnS-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Zn anode, which creates a protective "shielding effect" that hinders direct contact between water and the zinc surface, suppressing the random growth of Zn dendrites in the whole process. The mechanism of Zn nucleation was revealed by employing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, consecutive electron diffraction coupled with finite element method (FEM) simulations. Moreover, spontaneously formed 3D architecture consists of micorsized hemispherical Sn particles not only suppresses the Zn dendrite growth by reducing the local current density, but also enables the lateral growth of Zn crystals by increasing the average surface energy. Such an electrolyte enables a long cycle life of over 2000 h in the Zn||Zn cell. Importantly, the assembled Zn||MnVO full cells with SnCl 2 electrolyte also delivers substantial capacity (171.1mA h g−1 at 1 A h g−1), presenting a promising application. These discoveries not only deepen the comprehension of fundamental scientific knowledge regarding the microscopic reaction mechanism of the Zn anode but also offer significant insights for optimizing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized a series of zinc-philic covalent triazine frameworks as the artificial protective coatings for the interfacial modification of Zn metal anode. The fluorinated triazine framework increases the zinc-philic site and has strong hydrophobicity, which is conducive to better promoting dendritic free zinc deposition and inhibiting hydrogen evolution reactions, thus achieving high stable and reversible Zn anode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. [Display omitted] Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become a research hotspot, but the inevitable zinc dendrites and parasitic reactions in the zinc anode seriously hinder their further development. In this study, three covalent triazine frameworks (DCPY-CTF, CTF-1 and FCTF) have been synthesized and used as artificial protective coatings, in which the fluorinated triazine framework (FCTF) increases the zinc-philic site, thus better promoting dendritic free zinc deposition and inhibiting hydrogen evolution reactions. Excitingly, both experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the FCTF interface adjusts the deposition of Zn2+ along the (0 0 2) plane, effectively alleviating the formation of zinc dendrites. As expected, Zn@FCTF symmetric cells exhibit cycling stability of over 4000 h (0.25 mA cm−2), meanwhile Zn@FCTF//NHVO full cells provide a high specific capacity of 280 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g, which are superior to those of bare Zn anode. This work provides new insights for suppressing hydrogen evolution and promoting dendrite-free zinc deposition to construct highly stable and reversible AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-cost small molecule nicotinamide serves as an electrolyte additive for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Only 1 wt% of nicotinamide enables Zn||Zn symmetric cells to have an ultra-long lifespan of over 9700h at 1 mA cm−2, expanding nearly 808 times compared to that without nicotinamide. This work is remarkable among state-of-the-art novel aqueous zinc-ion batteries. [Display omitted] Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have recently been paid great attention due to their robust safety features, high theoretical capacity, and eco-friendliness, yet their practical application is hindered by the serious dendrite formation and side reactions of Zn metal anode during cycling. Herein, a low-cost small molecule, nicotinamide (NIC), is proposed as an electrolyte additive to effectively regulate the Zn interface, achieving a highly reversible and stable zinc anode without dendrites. NIC molecules not only modify the Zn2+ solvation structure but also preferentially adsorb on the Zn surface than solvated H 2 O to protect the Zn anode and provide numerous nucleation sites for Zn2+ to homogenize Zn deposition. Consequently, the addition of 1 wt% NIC enables Zn||Zn symmetric cells an ultra-long lifespan of over 9700 h at 1 mA cm−2, which expands nearly 808 times compared to that without NIC. The advantages of NIC additives are further demonstrated in NaVO||Zn full cells, which exhibit exceptional capacity retention of 90.3 % after 1000 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9 % at 1 A/g, while the cell operates for only 42 cycles without NIC additive. This strategy presents a promising approach to solving the anode problem, fostering advancements in practical AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cu-doped Mn 3 O 4 material with superior capacity and cyclability were constructed by facile precipitation and post-calcination. • The influence and function of Cu dopant on the electrochemical performances and reaction mechanism of Mn 3 O 4 were elucidated. • Rapid H+/Zn2+ co-insertion combined with enhanced Mn4+ ↔ Mn2+ conversion reactions are induced by copper dopant in Mn 3 O 4. High working voltage, large theoretical capacity and cheapness render Mn 3 O 4 promising cathode candidate for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Unfortunately, poor electrochemical activity and bad structural stability lead to low capacity and unsatisfactory cycling performance. Herein, Mn 3 O 4 material was fabricated through a facile precipitation reaction and divalent copper ions were introduced into the crystal framework, and ultra-small Cu-doped Mn 3 O 4 nanocrystalline cathode materials with mixed valence states of Mn2+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ were obtained via post-calcination. The presence of Cu acts as structural stabilizer by partial substitution of Mn, as well as enhance the conductivity and reactivity of Mn 3 O 4. Significantly, based on electrochemical investigations and ex-situ XPS characterization, a synergistic effect between copper and manganese was revealed in the Cu-doped Mn 3 O 4 , in which divalent Cu2+ can catalyze the transformation of Mn3+ and Mn4+ to divalent Mn2+, accompanied by the translation of Cu2+ to Cu0 and Cu+. Benefitting from the above advantages, the Mn 3 O 4 cathode doped with moderate copper (abbreviated as CMO-2) delivers large discharge capacity of 352.9 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, which is significantly better than Mn 3 O 4 (only 247.8 mAh g−1). In addition, CMO-2 holds 203.3 mAh g−1 discharge capacity after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with 98.6 % retention, and after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1, it still performs decent discharge capacity of 104.2 mAh g−1. This work provides new ideas and approaches for constructing manganese-based AZIBs with long lifespan and high capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-layered carbon accommodation of MnO 2 enhanced ion intercalating and electron transferring, which rendered the resulting batteries ultra-stable cycling. [Display omitted] • Multi-layered carbon accommodation of MnO 2 enhanced ion intercalating and electron transferring. • Spray-coating preparation without any binder agent and conductive carbon black rendered the resulting batteries ultra-stable cycling. • Large-scale and easy preparation prompted the practical application of the aqueous zinc ion batteries for stationary storage at low cost. Large-scale durable aqueous zinc ion batteries for stationary storage are realized by spray-coating conductive PEDOT(Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) wrapping MnO 2 /carbon microspheres hybrid cathode in this work. The porous carbon microspheres with multiple layers deriving from sucrose provide suitable accommodation for MnO 2 active materials, exposing more redox active sites and enhancing the contact surface between electrolyte and active materials. As a result, MnO 2 /microspheres are adhered to the current collector by a conductive PEDOT coating without any binder. The ternary design retards the structural degradation during cycling and shortens the electron and ion transport path, rendering the full batteries high capacity and long cycle stability. The resulting batteries perform the capacity of 277, 227, 110, 85 and 50 mAh/g at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 A/g, respectively. After 3000 cycles the initial capacity retains 86%, and 80% after 5000 cycles. GITT indicates PEDOT wrapping MnO 2 /microspheres cathode enables better ion intercalating kinetics than conventional MnO 2. The work could represent a novel and significant step forward in the studies on the large-scale application of zinc ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Affinity and storage capacity for zinc ions of the electrode materials are crucial factors on the properties of zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZHICs). Wasted pulping liquor with abundant carbohydrates, lignin and inorganic matter served as a unique precursor to produce embedded oxygen-doped hierarchical porous carbon directly through a one-step carbonization process in this investigation. In carbonization process, lignin can serve effectively as the carbon framework, carbohydrates not only act as sacrificial templates but also offer a plentiful oxygen source which can increase the affinity for Zn2+, and sodium-containing inorganic substances plays a role as hard templates to optimize the pore structure. The resulting porous carbon under carbonization temperature of 800 °C shows a high specifical area of 2186 m2g−1 with oxygen content of 4.8 %, which can reduce the adsorption energy of Zn2+ from −0.16 eV to −0.32 eV through electrochemical techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the incorporation of oxygen was demonstrated to enhance the adsorption and desorption kinetics of Zn2+, suggesting a bright future for application in the domain of energy storage. The resulting ZIHC assembly showcases a notable energy density of 84.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 359 W kg−1. Remarkably, even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles, it exhibits exceptional cycle stability with retaining 86.56 % of its capacity. Consequently, this approach provides fresh insights for exploring the facile and commercial fabrication of biomass-derived cathodes for ZIHCs, thereby propelling the progress of eco-friendly energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-energy and ultra-stable dual-ion capacitors are constructed based on nanospherical carbon frameworks cathodes deriving from hydrogen-bonded micelle assembly directed conjugated microporous polymers. [Display omitted] • Nanospherical carbon frameworks (CNS-2) derived from CMPs are synthesized by a hydrogen-bonded micelle self-assembly strategy. • Maximized accessibility of surface-active sites and dual-ion storage mechanism ensure high charged ion storage efficiency. • The assembled Zn-ion hybrid capacitor based on CNS-2 delivers ultrahigh energy density and super-stable cycle lifespan. Well-orchestrated carbon nanostructure with superb stable framework and high surface accessibility is crucial for zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). Herein, a hydrogen-bonded micelle self-assembly strategy is proposed for morphology-controllable synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) derived carbon to boost zinc ion storage capability. In the strategy, F127 micellar assembly through intermolecular hydrogen bonds serves as structure-directed agents, directing CMPs' oligomers grow into nanospherical assembly. The nanospherical carbon frameworks derived from CMPs (CNS-2) have shown maximized surface accessibility due to their plentiful tunable porosity and hierarchical porous structure with abundant mesoporous interconnected channels, and superb stability originating from CMPs' robust framework, thus the CNS-2-based ZIHCs exhibit ultrahigh energy density of 163 Wh kg−1 and ultralong lifespan with 93 % capacity retention after 200, 000 cycles at 20 A g−1. Charged ion storage efficiency also lies in dual-ion alternate uptake of Zn2+ and CF 3 SO 3 − as well as chemical redox of Zn2+ with carbonyl/pyridine motifs forming O–Zn–N bonds. Maximized surface accessibility and dual-ion storage mechanism ensure excellent electrochemical performance. Thus, the hydrogen-bond-guide micelle self-assembly strategy has provided a facile way to design nanoarchitectures of CMPs derived carbon for advanced cathodes of ZIHCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A zinc ionophore of hydroxychloroquine is employed as the electrolyte additive. Hydroxychloroquine can dynamically regulate zinc ion concentration for even Zn plating in the outer Helmholtz layer of electrolyte, which can suppress Zn dendrite. [Display omitted] • A zinc ionophore of hydroxychloroquine applied in vivo treatment serves as the electrolyte additive for long-life Zn anode. • Zinc ion concentration in the outer Helmholtz layer can be dynamically regulated by hydroxychloroquine for dendrite-free Zn anode. • The in-situ optical microscopy verifies the mechanism of zinc ion concentration dynamic regulation. The Zn dendrite limits the practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries in the large-scale energy storage systems. To suppress the growth of Zn dendrites, a zinc ionophore of hydroxychloroquine (defined as HCQ) applied in vivo treatment is investigated as the electrolyte additive. HCQ dynamically regulates zinc ion concentration in the outer Helmholtz layer, promoting even Zn plating at the anode/electrolyte interface. This is evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy, which delivers planar Zn plating after cycling. It is further supported by the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, which reveals the growth of Zn (0 0 2) plane. Additionally, the reduced production of H 2 during Zn plating/stripping is detected by the in-situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), which shows the resistance of Zn (0 0 2) to hydrogen evolution reaction. The mechanism of dynamic regulation for zinc ion concentration is demonstrated by the in-situ optical microscopy. The hydrated zinc ion can be further plated more rapidly to the uneven location than the case in other regions, which is resulted from the dynamic regulation for zinc ion concentration. Therefore, the uniform Zn plating is formed. A cycling life of 1100 h is exhibited in the Zn||Zn symmetric cell at 1.6 mA cm−2 with the capacity of 1.6 mAh cm−2. The Zn||Cu battery exhibits a cycling life of 200 cycles at 4 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 4 mAh cm−2 and the average Coulombic efficiency is larger than 99 %. The Zn||VO 2 battery with HCQ modified electrolyte can operate for 1500 cycles at 4 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 90 %. This strategy in the present work is wished to advance the development of zinc-ion batteries for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the desire to solve a series of problems such as the easy mottling and peeling of the physically attached artificial interfacial layer on the surface of Zn anode, ZnSiO 3 with a nanosheet morphology was constructed on the surface of Zn foil through the self-growth reaction. The ZnSiO 3 nano-interfacial layer effectively slices the surface of the Zn foil into individual microscopic interfacial layers, and this study provides a new perspective for the interfacial engineering of the protection of Zn anodes. [Display omitted] Among battery technologies, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have hit between the eyes in the next generation of extensive energy storage devices due to their outstanding superiority. The main problem that currently restricts the development of AZIBs is how to obtain stable Zn anodes. In this study, taking the improvement of a series of problems caused by the physically attached artificial interfacial layer on Zn anode as a starting point, a nanosheet morphology of ZnSiO 3 (denoted as ZnSi) is constructed by self-growth on Zn foil (Zn@ZnSi) by a simple hydrothermal reaction. The ZnSi nano-interfacial layer effectively slices the surface of the Zn foil into individual microscopic interfacial layers, constructing abundant pores. The nanosheets of Zn@ZnSi construct rich nanoscale Zn2+ transport channels, which provide higher electron and ion transport paths, thus achieving the effect of effectively homogenizing the electric field distribution and decreasing the local current density. Thanks to its inherent and structural properties, the Zn@ZnSi anode has a high specific capacity and good cycling stability compared with the Zn electrode. The lifetime of the Zn@ZnSi//Zn@ZnSi symmetric cell is much higher than that of the Zn//Zn symmetric cell at 1 mA cm−2. The capacity of the Zn@ZnSi//NH 4 V 4 O 10 full cell can still reach 98 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g. The low-cost and scalable synthesis of ZnSi nano-interfacial layer on Zn is expected to provide new perspectives on interfacial engineering for Zn anodic protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In this study, we employed an innovative in-situ etching method to synthesize a current collector-integrated Cu@Cu31S16 cathode material. • We have demonstrated, for the first time, efficient and reversible co-embedding/extraction behavior of H+/Zn2+ in Zn-Cu31S16 batteries. • Introducing the concept of "Voltage-Selective Ion Co-Embedding/Extraction", this study broadens the research scope of AZIBs. The aqueous zinc ion battery (AZIB) has been widely studied due to its rapid kinetics and high specific capacity attributed to the chemical insertion of H+ protons. However, the current research landscape lacks comprehensive investigations into copper-based sulfide materials and the intricate co-embedding/extraction mechanism of H+/Zn2+. In this study, we employed an innovative in-situ etching method to synthesize a current collector-integrated Cu@Cu 31 S 16 cathode material. Cu 31 S 16 not only exhibits excellent stability and conductivity but also activates proton insertion chemistry. Consequently, we have demonstrated, for the first time, efficient and reversible co-embedding/extraction behavior of H+/Zn2+ in Zn-Cu 31 S 16 batteries. Specifically, owing to the lower charging and discharging plateaus of zinc ions (0.65 V, 0.45 V) compared to H+ (0.97 V, 0.84 V) in Zn-Cu 31 S 16 batteries, two distinct plateaus were observed. Moreover, we delved into the mechanism of ion co-embedding/extraction by exploring different ions (Zn2+, H+/Zn2+, H+) within varying voltage ranges. This exploration led to the development of three types of ion batteries, where Zn2+, H+/Zn2+, and H+ exhibit co-embedding/extraction within voltage ranges of 0.3–0.9 V, 0.3–1.05 V, and 0.5–1.05 V, respectively. These batteries have achieved impressive performance with specific capacities of 282.74 mAh g−1, 587.4 mAh g−1 and 687.3 mAh g−1, respectively. Introducing the concept of "Voltage-Selective Ion Co-Embedding/Extraction", this study broadens the research scope of AZIBs. This research not only offers a feasible solution and theoretical guidance for future proton batteries but also underscores the tremendous potential of AHPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional/three-dimensional hierarchical self-supporting potassium ammonium vanadate@MXene hybrid films exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. [Display omitted] Currently, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have grown to be a good choice for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high theoretical specific capacity, low redox potential, low cost, and non-toxicity of the aqueous electrolyte. However, it is still challenging to obtain high specific capacity and stability suitable cathodes. Herein, hierarchical self-supporting potassium ammonium vanadate@MXene (KNVO@MXene) hybrid films were prepared by vacuum filtration method. Due to the three-dimensional nanoflower structure of KNVO with dual ions intercalation, high conductivity of two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, and the hierarchical self-supporting structure, the AZIB based on the KNVO@MXene hybrid film cathode possessed superior specific capacity (481 mAh/g at 0.3 A/g) and cycling stability (retaining 125 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 10 A/g). In addition, the storage mechanism was revealed by various ex-situ characterizations. Hence, a new viewpoint for the preparation of AZIB self-supporting cathode materials is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We prepared BVO@VO with dual-phase heterostructure. • The heterostructure enables rapid de/insertion of Zn2+ ions. • The Zn2+ diffusion rate in BVO@VO exceeds VO 2 by three orders of magnitude. • The BVO@VO presents a capacity retention of 96% after 2000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1. • The obtained all-solid-state pouch cell shows excellent electrochemical performance. Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety, abundant availability, environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. However, the cathodes in ZIBs encounter challenges such as structural instability, low capacity, and sluggish kinetics. In this study, we constructed BiVO 4 @VO 2 (BVO@VO) heterojunction cathode material with bismuth vanadate and vanadium dioxide phases for ZIBs, which demonstrate significant advancements in both aqueous and quasi-solid-state ZIBs. Benefitting from the heterojunction structure, the materials present a high capacity of 262 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, superb cyclic stability with 96% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1, and outstanding rate property with a specific capacity of 218 mAh g−1 even at a high rate of 5.0 A g−1. Furthermore, the flexible quasi-solid-state ZIBs incorporating the BVO@VO cathode demonstrate prolonged cyclic life performance with a remarkable specific capacity of 234 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. This study potentially paves the way for the utilization of heterointerface-enhanced zinc ion diffusion for vanadium-based materials in ZIBs, thereby providing a new approach for the design and investigation of high-performance zinc-ion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our work, MnTiO 3 was synthesized using the simple conventional solid-state method. We report in-situ induced Mn-defect within MnTiO 3 layered oxide through charging process. It performs good cycling stability which can obtain 115 mA h/g even at 400 mA g−1 after 450 cycles and the discharge capacity reaches up to 233.8 mAh/g at 100 mA g−1 when Mn-defect MnTiO 3 was employed as the cathode material for AZIBs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to further research the corresponding Zn2+ intercalation-deintercalation behaviors, it indicated that the presence of Mn defects enhances the conductivity of MnTiO 3. [Display omitted] Layered manganese-based cathode materials are considered as one of the promising cathodes benefit from inherent low manufacturing cost, non-toxic and high safety in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). However, the sluggish reaction kinetics within layered cathodes is inevitable due to the poor electrical/ionic conductivity. Herein, MnTiO 3 is reported as a new cathode material for AZIBs and in-situ induced Mn-defect within MnTiO 3 during the first charging is desirable to improve the reaction kinetics to a great extent. Additionally, DFT calculations further demonstrate that MnTiO 3 with manganese defects exhibits a uniform charge distribution at the defect sites, enhancing the attraction towards H+ and Zn2+ ions. Furthermore, it performs good cycling stability which can obtain 115 mA h g−1 even at 400 mA g−1 after 450 cycles and the discharge capacity reaches up to 233.8 mAh/g at 100 mA g−1 when Mn-defect MnTiO 3 was employed as the cathode. This research could provide a new method for the development and mechanism research of cathode materials for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimized Mn-Prussian Blue Analog with dual Zn2+ active sites exhibits the potential application in aqueous Zn ion batteries with competitive capacity and cycle stability. [Display omitted] Prussian Blue analogs (PBAs) are a suitable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) cathode material, but they face issues related to low specific capacity and cycling lifespan due to insufficient active sites and poor ion de-intercalation structural stability. In this study, Mn-Prussian Blue Analog (Mn-PBA) is fabricated using a simple co-precipitation method and the morphology of Mn-PBA is further optimized through artificially manipulating concentration gradients strategy, effectively enhancing the structural stability of Zn2+ de-intercalation. Furthermore, the introduction of Mn established dual Zn2+ active centers in Mn-PBA (Mn-O and Fe(CN) 6 ]4−/[Fe(CN) 6 ]3−), leading to an increased specific capacity. As a proof of concept for AZIBs, the optimized Mn-PBA-3 cathode exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 143.5 mAh/g and maintains a capacity retention of 88.5 % after 250 cycles at 1 A/g, surpassing commercial MnO 2 (30.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles). Mn-PBA-3 also delivers a high capacity of 79.0 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles of 10 A/g. The mechanism of the Zn2+ double redox reaction of Mn-PBA-3 has been revealed in detail by in situ Raman and a series of ex situ techniques. Under a high operating voltage window of 0–1.9 V, Zn//Mn-PBA-3 demonstrates a capacity of 99.3 mAh/g after 800 cycles (5 A/g) by assembling zinc ion button battery. This work has reference significance for structurally modulated PBAs used in high performance AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prepared NVOY electrode achieves high stability and excellent cycle performance for AZIBs by embedding polypyrrole in ammonium vanadate layers to remove excess ammonium ions, expand the interlayer spacing, and enhance electronic conductivity. [Display omitted] Ammonium vanadate with stable bi-layered structure and superior mass-specific capacity have emerged as competitive cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Nevertheless, fragile N H...O bonds and too strong electrostatic interaction by virtue of excessive NH 4 + will lead to sluggish Zn2+ ion mobility, further largely affects the electro-chemical performance of ammonium vanadate in AZIBs. The present work incorporates polypyrrole (PPy) to partially replace NH 4 + in NH 4 V 4 O 10 (NVO), resulting in the significantly enlarged interlayers (from 10.1 to 11.9 Å), remarkable electronic conductivity, increased oxygen vacancies and reinforced layered structure. The partial removal of NH 4 + will alleviate the irreversible deammoniation to protect the laminate structures from collapse during ion insertion/extraction. The expanded interlayer spacing and the increased oxygen vacancies by the virtue of the introduction of polypyrrole improve the ionic diffusion, enabling exceptional rate performance of NH 4 V 4 O 10. As expected, the resulting polypyrrole intercalated ammonium vanadate (NVOY) presents a superior discharge capacity of 431.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and remarkable cycling stability of 219.1 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 with 78 % capacity retention after 1500 cycles. The in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex-situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis investigate a highly reversible intercalation Zn-storage mechanism, and the enhanced the redox kinetics are related to the combined effect of interlayer regulation, high electronic conductivity and oxygen defect engineering by partial substitution NH 4 + of PPy incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polycarbonyl polymer PNAQI was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method, the strong nucleophilic carbonyl oxygen on PNAQI can coordinate with zinc ions to induce uniform deposition of zinc and inhibit the growth of zinc dendrite, thereby demonstrating a long cycle life exceeding 1000 h at current density of 1.0 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2. [Display omitted] • A polycarbonyl polymer PNAQI was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. • The strong nucleophilic carbonyl oxygen on PNAQI can coordinate with zinc ions to achieve the purpose of charge storage. • C O on PNAQI can induce uniform deposition of zinc and inhibit the growth of zinc dendrite, thereby effectively stabilizing zinc anodes. • The polycarbonyl polymer PNAQI coating exhibits low nucleation overpotential, excellent cycling performance, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent rate performance. The Zn anode of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have suffered from a series of rampant side reactions such as dendrite growth and corrosion, which seriously affect the reversibility and stability of Zn anodes. Herein, a polycarbonyl polymer poly(1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride anthraquinone) imine (PNAQI) as the protective coating is synthesized through a simple solvothermal method with the raw materials of the equimolar 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) and 2, 6-aminoanthraquinone (2,6-DAAQ). A series of characterizations such as contact angle measurement and ex-situ XRD analysis confirm that it can effectively prevent some side reactions. Moreover, C O on PNAQI can regulate the uniform distribution of zinc, thereby preventing the occurrence of zinc dendrites. Finally, the PNAQI@Zn//PNAQI@Zn symmetrical cell demonstrates a long cycle life exceeding 1000 h at current density of 1.0 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2. The result significantly outperforms the cycling performance of the cell with bare zinc anode. Especially, the full battery of PNAQI@Zn//NH 4 V 4 O 10 demonstrates an excellent capacity retention and prolonged cycle life (96.9 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A/g) compared to Zn//NH 4 V 4 O 10. This work provides an effective, simple and low-cost solution for developing high-performance AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bilayered V 2 O 5 nH 2 O xerogel constructed 2D nanopapers were synthesized. • The V 2 O 5 nH 2 O Xerogel combines oxygen defect engineering. • Oxygen defect improves Zn2+/Mg2+ insertion/extraction kinetics. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) and aqueous magnesium ion batteries (AMIBs) offer powerful alternatives for large-scale energy storage because of their high safety and low cost. Consequently, the design of high-performance cathode materials is essential. In this paper, we present a simple strategy that combines oxygen defect (O d) engineering with a 2D-on-2D homogeneous nanopape-like bilayer V 2 O 5 nH 2 O xerogel (BL-HVO d NPS). This strategy employs O d to improve Zn2+/Mg2+insertion/extraction kinetics and reduce irreversible processes for high-performance AZIBs/AMIBs. And interlayer water molecules serve as an effective spacer to stabilize the expanded interlayer gap in BL-HVO d NPS, thereby providing extended diffusion channels for Zn2+/Mg2+ during insertion/extraction. The interlayer water molecules help shield the electrostatic interaction between Zn2+/Mg2+ and BL-HVO d NPS lattice, which improves diffusion kinetics during repeated. In addition, electrochemical characterization results indicate that the BL-HVO d NPS can effectively the surface adsorption and internal diffusion of Zn2+/Mg2+. More importantly, the successfully prepared unique 2D-on-2D homogenous nanopaper structure enhances electrolyte/electrode contact and reduces the migration/diffusion path of electrons/Zn2+ and Mg2+, thus greatly improving rate performance. As a result, the BL-HVO d NPS as AZIBs/AMIBs electrodes offer better reversible capacity of 361.8 and 162.8 mA h g−1 (at 0.2 A g−1), while displaying impressively long cycle lifes. This method provides a way to prepare advanced xerogel cathode materials for AZIBs and AMIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional interfacial layers and porous Zn surface as well as the introduction of electrolyte additives were achieved via a N, B doped carbon bubble-loaded iodine-assisted method, thus allowing the INBC@Zn electrode to exhibit superior cycling stability. [Display omitted] • A trinity composite coating is constructed by N, B doped carbon-loading iodine method. • ZnO interfacial layer, ZnI 2 additives and 3D porous structure are in-situ achieved. • ZnO interfacial layer and 3D porous structure modulate the uniform zinc deposition. • The INBC@Zn anode has excellent cycle stability and low nucleation overpotential. Although aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have the merits of environmental friendliness, high safety and theoretical capacity, the slow kinetics associated with zinc deposition and unavoidable interfacial corrosion have seriously affected the commercialization of aqueous zinc ion batteries. In this work, an ingenious "trinity" design is proposed by applying a porous hydrophilic carbon-loaded iodine coating to the zinc metal surface (INBC@Zn), which simultaneously acts as an artificial protective layer, electrolyte additive and anode curvature regulator, so as to reduce the nucleation overpotential of Zn and promote the preferential deposition of (0 0 2) planes to some extent. With this synergistic effect, INBC@Zn exhibits high reversibility and strong side reaction inhibition. As a result, INBC@Zn shows high symmetric cycling stability up to 4500 h at 1 mA cm−2. An ultra-long cycle stability of 1500 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency (99.8 %) is achieved in the asymmetric cell. In addition, the INBC@Zn//NVO full cells exhibit impressive capacity retention (96 % after 1000 cycles at 3 A/g). Importantly, the designed pouch cell demonstrates stable performance and shows certain prospects for application. This work provides a facile and instructive approach toward the development of high-performance AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the expanded interlayer spacing, improved electronic conductivity, and open framework structure, cobalt ion doped sodium vanadate nanoflowers displayed a superior zinc-ion storage performance. [Display omitted] • A novel 3D flower-like cobalt ion doped sodium vanadate cathode was successfully prepared for aqueous zinc ion batteries. • Cobalt ion doping strategy and morphology engineering endow sodium vanadate with high discharge capacity and long-term cycling lifespan. • The ionic exchange and multiple ion cointercalation charge storage mechanism is elucidated. Layered sodium vanadium materials have aroused increasing interest owing to their open layered structures and high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the strong electrostatic interactions between vanadium oxide layers and intercalated Zn2+ and the weak electronic conductivity severely limit their further development. Here, we design a series of cobalt ion-doped sodium vanadium electrode materials with nanoflower-like morphologies. Due to the open interlayer space and improved electron transfer enabled by cobalt ion preintercalation and sufficient contact area between the electrode and electrolyte provided by the three-dimensional (3D) flower-like morphology, the cobalt ion-doped sodium vanadate (CNVO-2) cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including an exceptional specific capacity (411 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and ultrahigh structural stability (90.4 % capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1), outperforming many advanced ZIBs cathode materials. In addition, through various ex situ characterization techniques, an ionic exchange and multiple ion cointercalation mechanism is first revealed in sodium vanadate cathode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrophobic and Zn2+-conductive amorphous carbon interface is in-situ constructed to improve the electrochemical performance of Zn anode. [Display omitted] • In-situ prepare a novel amorphous carbon (AC) interface layer to protect Zn anode. • AC interface layer possesses hydrophobic peculiarity and high Zn2+ transference rate. • Zn@AC anode presents mitigated dendrite growth and side reactions. • Zn@AC anode shows high performance for aqueous and solid zinc ion batteries. High security and low cost enable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with huge application potential in large-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, the loathsome dendrite and side reactions of Zn anode are harmful to the cycling lifespan of AZIBs. Here, a new type of thin amorphous carbon (AC) interface layer (∼100 nm in thickness) is in-situ constructed on the Zn foil (Zn@AC) via a facile low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (LTCVD) method, which owns a hydrophobic peculiarity and a high Zn2+ transference rate. Moreover, this AC coating can homogenize the surface electric field and Zn2+ flux to realize the uniform deposition of Zn. Consequently, dendrite growth and side reactions are concurrently mitigated. Symmetrical cell achieves a dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping over 500 h with a low overpotential of 31 mV at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. Of note, the full cell with a MnO 2 /CNT cathode harvests a capacity retention of 70.0 % after 550 cycles at 1 A/g. In addition, the assembled flexible quasi-solid-state AZIBs display a stable electrochemical performance under deformation conditions and maintain a capacity of 76.5 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 300 cycles. This innovative amorphous carbon layer is expected to provide a new insight into stabilizing Zn anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • pH buffer KH 2 PO 4 were added to the electrolyte of Zn/γ-MnO 2 with proton reaction mechanism. • The rate performance and cycle stability at high current densities were greatly enhanced by the additional KH 2 PO 4. • The KH 2 PO 4 can service as a new proton source and reduce the formation of zinc hydroxide sulfate. • The electrochemical reaction kinetics of Zn/γ-MnO 2 battery have been significantly improved by the additional pH buffers KH 2 PO 4. Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are rapidly emerging as safe, cost-effective, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly energy storage systems. However, mildly acidic electrolytes with depleted protons cannot satisfy the huge demand for proton reactions in MnO 2 electrodes and also cause several issues in ZIBs, such as rapidly decaying cycling stability and low reaction kinetics. Herein, we propose a pH-buffering strategy in which KH 2 PO 4 is added to the electrolyte to overcome the problems caused by low proton concentrations. This strategy significantly improves the rate and cycle stability performance of zinc–manganese batteries, delivering a high capacity of 122.5 mAh/g at a high current density of 5 A/g and enabling 9000 cycles at this current density, with a remaining capacity of 70 mAh/g. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed the generation/dissolution of Zn 3 PO 4 ·4H 2 O and Zn 4 (OH) 6 (SO 4)·5H 2 O, byproducts of buffer products and proton reactions. In-situ pH measurements and chemical titration revealed that the pH change during the electrochemical process can be adjusted to a low range of 2.2–2.8, and the phosphate distribution varies with the pH range. Those results reveal that H 2 PO 4 − provides protons to the cathode through the chemical balance of HPO 4 2−, HPO 4 2–, and Zn 3 PO 4 ·4H 2 O. This study serves as a guide for studying the influences and mechanisms of buffering additives in Zn–MnO 2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MnCO 3 @Mn 3 O 4 shows excellent electrochemical performance due to the stable of heterostructure and the unique "Butterfly-Tie" layer structure. [Display omitted] Due to the limited exploitation and utilization of fossil energy resources in recent years, it is imperative to explore and develop new energy materials. As an electrode material for batteries, MnCO 3 has the advantages of safety, non-toxicity, and wide availability of raw materials. But it also has some disadvantages, such as short cycle period and low conductivity. In order to improve these deficiencies, we designed a MnCO 3 @Mn 3 O 4 heterostructure material by a simple solvothermal method, which possessed a microstructure of "butterfly-tie". Owing to the introduction of Mn 3 O 4 and the layered structure of "butterfly-tie", MnCO 3 @Mn 3 O 4 possessed a discharge capacity of 165 mAh/g when the current density was 0.2 A/g and exhibited satisfactory rate performance. The MnCO 3 @Mn 3 O 4 heterostructure was optimized by density functional theory (DFT), and the deformation charge density was calculated. It was found that the MnCO 3 @Mn 3 O 4 heterostructure is stable owing to the molecular interaction between the O atoms from MnCO 3 and the Mn atoms from Mn 3 O 4 at the interface of heterojunction. Therefore, the MnCO 3 @Mn 3 O 4 heterostructure material has promising applications as safe and efficient cathode material for energy batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti 3 C 2 MXene acts as a "pillar" embedded into the MoS 2 interlayer to form a layer-by-layer inter-embedded architecture at the molecular scale, effectively regulating the 2D interfacial ion migration, and thus improving the electrochemical reaction kinetics. [Display omitted] Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have promising prospects for Zn-storage due to their flexible and adjustable interlayer architecture. The strong electrostatic interaction and high diffusion energy barrier, however, lead to slow diffusion kinetics of Zn-ions between the 2D interfaces, limiting its widespread application. Herein, Ti 3 C 2 MXene is introduced into the MoS 2 interlayer by the "pillar effect" to assemble a layer-by-layer inter-embedded structure (L-MoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2), which provides sufficient diffusion channels for Zn-ions. DFT computations and GITT confirm that the L-MoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 exhibits superior Zn-ions migration kinetics. Therefore, L-MoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 shows excellent long-term cycling stability (75.6% capacity retention after 7000 cycles at 15 A g-1) and glorious high-rate capability (107 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1). In addition, the practical application of this material is demonstrated by evaluating the performance of L-MoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 in flexible quasi-solid-state aqueous zinc ion batteries under various extreme bending conditions, which exhibits good stability under 180° during the 4000 cycles with a capacity retention of 80.5% at 2.0 A g-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have attained enormous attention in the last few years. The cathode materials of aqueous zinc ion batteries play a vital effect in their electrochemical and battery properties. In this manuscript, Sandwich-like MXene@Na 2 V 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O (NVO@MXene) heterostructure was successfully prepared by the combination and cooperation of the layer lattice structure of Na 2 V 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O and the high conductivity of MXene. When used as the cathode material for AZIBs, NVO@MXene demonstrates preeminent rate capability and excellent reversible capacity of 175 mAh/g after 3000 cycles at 5 A/g with a retention rate of 88.9 % of initial discharge capacity. The outstanding battery performance can be attributed to the MXene layers with high conductivity for accelerating the ion diffusion rate and reducing the agglomeration of Na 2 V 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O nanowires during the (dis)charge process. Meanwhile, the stable layered structure of Na 16 V 6 O 6 ·3H 2 O with wide interlamellar spacing (d = 7.9 Å) is also favorable for the s fast intercalation/deintercalation of Zn2+. Finally, ex-situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to study and reveal the energy storage mechanism of this novel material for aqueous zinc ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Bioceramics have been extensively used to improve osteogenesis of polymers because of their excellent bone-forming capabilities. However, the inadequate interfacial bonding between ceramics and polymers compromises their mechanical properties. In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was grown in situ on strontium carbonate (SrCO 3) to construct a core–shell SrCO 3 @ZIF-8, which was then added to poly- l -lactic acid (PLLA) to print a SrCO 3 @ZIF-8/PLLA composite scaffold using selective sintering technology. First, ZIF-8 characterized by its multiple organic ligands, forms a robust interface with PLLA. Second, SrCO 3 characterized by its negative zeta potential in solution, exhibits the ability to adsorb positively charged zinc ions. This, in turn, promotes the in situ growth of ZIF-8 on SrCO 3 , eventually achieving perfect bonding between the second phase and the PLLA matrix. Our findings indicated that the composite scaffold exhibited the highest compressive strength (21.93 MPa) and significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, the in vivo results established that the SrCO 3 @ZIF-8/PLLA scaffold significantly accelerated bone regeneration efficiency in rat femur defects. The prepared scaffold, with its favorable mechanical properties and osteogenic activity, shows considerable promise for applications in bone repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nanosheet architecture of MnO 2 /carbon hybrid was successfully fabricated. • The unique nano-architecture endows the MnO 2 /carbon with fast reaction kinetics. • The resulting cathode achieves remarkable rate capability (175 mAh/g at 3.0 A/g) and excellent cycling lifespan. • The fundamental reaction mechanism and enhanced kinetics are systematically investigated. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) hold substantial promise for large-scale energy storage system by virtue of their good safety and cost-effectiveness. However, the typical cathode material of MnO 2 is practically hampered by poor rate/cycling performance owing to its low electrical conductivity and structural fragility. Herein, a nanosheet architecture of MnO 2 /carbon is constructed via in situ rooting MnO 2 nanoarrays on carbon substrate to achieve high-rate and long-durable zinc energy storage. The unique nano-architecture significantly promotes the reaction kinetics by supplying plentiful active sites, short diffusion pathways, and improved charge transfer conductivity. The advantageous features endow the MnO 2 /carbon with remarkable rate capability (175 mAh/g at 3.0 A/g) and excellent cycling lifespan (87.8 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A/g). In addition, the kinetic enhancement and fundamental reaction mechanism are systematically investigated. The encouraging results will shed new insight on designing MnO 2 -based materials to advance the development of AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (RAZIBs) are of interest for energy storage in smart grids. However, slow Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, insufficient active sites, and poor intrinsic conductivity are always challenging to exploit the huge potential of the batteries. Here, we prepare V 2 O 3 -VN nano-heterojunction composites with sea urchin-like morphology as the cathode for AZIBs. The electrode achieves high capacities (e.g., 0.1 A g−1, 532.6 mAh g−1), good rate and cycle performance (263.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 current density with 90.8% capacity retention). Detailed structural analyses suggest that the V 2 O 3 -VN composite is composed of different crystal planes of V 2 O 3 and VN, which form an efficient heterogeneous interfacial network in the bulk electrode, accounting for its good electrochemical properties. Theoretical calculations reveal that compared with V 2 O 3 , VN and physically mixed V 2 O 3 /VN, the V 2 O 3 -VN heterostructure exhibits good cation adsorption and electrode conductivity, thereby accelerating the charge carrier mobility and electrochemical activity of the electrode. Moreover, ex-situ characterization techniques are utilized to investigate the zinc storage mechanism in detail, providing new ideas for the development of AZIBs cathode materials through the construction of heterojunction structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Vanadium oxide-based cathode with unique layered structure is considered as a candidate for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Unfortunately, considering poor electronic conductivity, sluggish diffusion kinetics, and the destruction of layered structures in the cycling process, the actual capacity and rate capability are constrained. Herein, the glucose hydrothermal carbon (GHC) and transition metal Mn2+ ion have been utilized to incorporate hydrated vanadium oxide (Mn-VOH@GHC). The oxygen vacancies defects of VOH, induced by GHC anchored on surface and Mn2+ inserted between interlayers, provides more active sites, higher electronic conductivity, and faster ion diffusion. In addition, GHC reinforces the integrity of external structure, while Mn2+ ion acts as structural pillars to support the interlayer structure. The Mn-VOH@GHC electrode can produce a high capacity of 530 mAh/g at the current density of 0.2 A/g thanks to these crucial properties, and after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 2 A/g, it can also produce a reversible capacity of 344 mAh/g. The results suggest that the synergistic effect of defect engineering and metal ion pre-insertion provides a new idea in enhancement of the electrochemical performance of AZIBs cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride-2,3-diamino phenothiazine (NTDP) with multiple active sites (6 with C N and 2 with C O) and synthesized as cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries using solid-phase method. DFT verified that NTDP has the smallest energy gap (ΔE), the lowest LUMO levels (against monomers) and multiple active sites, therefore it exhibited excellent specific capacity (307.5 mA h/g under 0.05 A/g), ultra-high rate performance (194.9 mA h/g under 20 A/g) and impressive stability (190.0 mA h/g for 9000 cycles with a capacity retention of 91.2% at 15 A/g). Several characterizations reveal that the mechanism of NTDP is the reversible redox reactions of Zn2+ based on the dual active centers (C O and C N). This work will provide chances for organic electrodes with reasonable molecular structure design for use of batteries. [Display omitted] • NTDP with multiple active sites (6 with C N, 2 with C O) was designed for AZIBs. • DFT verified that NTDP had the smallest energy gap (ΔE) and multiple active sites. • NTDP showed excellent ultra-high rate performance and long cycle life. • NTDP could store 4 zinc ions and transport 8 electrons from mechanism analysis. • The NTDP//Zn flexible battery successfully powered fan and lit a bulb. Acid anhydride cathode materials garner considerable interest for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to ideal specific capacity and structural diversity, however, serious solubility leads to capacity degradation. Herein, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride − 2,3-diamino phenothiazine (NTDP) featuring multiple active sites (6 with C N and 2 with C O) and large π-conjugated backbone, was designed and synthesized utilizing solid-phase method. The smallest energy gap (ΔE) and the lowest LUMO levels (against monomers) induced by multiple active sites and п-conjugated backbone with high aromaticity, NTDP exhibited excellent specific capacity (307.5 mA h g−1 under 0.05 A/g), ultrahigh rate performance (194.9 mA h g−1 under 20 A/g) and impressive cycling stability (190.0 mA h g−1 over 9000 cycles with a capacity retention of 91.2 % at 15 A/g). The reversible Zn2+ insertion/removal mechanism on multiple active centers (C O and C N) was proposed through XPS, FT-IR, and Raman. The specific capacity of the NTDP//zinc flexible cell was 112.6 mA h g−1 at 3 A/g under various folding angles (45°, 90°, 135°, and 180° bends), suggesting its practical potential for flexible devices. This work will offer opportunities for the rational design of battery structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline was inserted into the interlayer of vanadium-metal–organic framework-derived V 2 O 5 to take advantage of the (1 1 0) crystal plane of V 2 O 5 selective growth. PANI80-V 2 O 5 had excellent electrochemical properties that benefit from the large layer spacing and the strong synergistic coupling of oxygen vacancy defects with the large specific surface area. [Display omitted] The development of structurally stable, highly conductive layered materials as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is essential. Herein, polyaniline (PANI) was inserted into the interlayer of a vanadium-metal–organic framework-derived V 2 O 5 to take advantage of the selective growth of the (1 1 0) crystal plane of V 2 O 5 , facilitating sufficient diffusion of aniline within the V 2 O 5 interlayer along the vertical direction of the spatial c -axis while stabilizing the interlayer structure. The synthesized composite (PANI80-V 2 O 5) exhibited excellent electrochemical properties owing to the increase in the material layer spacing from 5.76 Å to 14.31 Å and the strong synergistic effect of the oxygen vacancies and large specific surface area of the material. In addition, the π-conjugated structure of PANI prevented the active material from dissolving in the electrolyte, further stabilizing its lamellar structure, which tended to collapse during electrochemical cycling. The PANI80-V 2 O 5 electrode exhibited an ultrahigh discharge capacity of 516.90 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Moreover, it exhibited a discharge capacity of 268.80 mAh g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 97.77% after 3000 cycles. Therefore, this study provided a reference for developing structurally superior cathode materials for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the presence of the hierarchical freestanding structure, outstanding MXene conductive networks and abundant oxygen vacancy, the d-NVO@MXene hybrid film exhibits excellent electrochemical properties. [Display omitted] Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained extensive attention due to the numerous advantages of zinc, such as low redox potential, high abundance, low cost as well as high theoretical specific capacity. However, the development of AZIBs is still hampered due to the lack of suitable cathodes. In this work, the freestanding defective ammonium vanadate@MXene (d-NVO@MXene) hybrid film was synthesized by simple vacuum filtration strategy. Due to the presence of the hierarchical freestanding structure, outstanding MXene conductive networks and abundant oxygen vacancy (in the d-NVO nanoribbons), the d-NVO@MXene hybrid film can not only expose more active sites but also possess outstanding conductivity and kinetics of charge transfer/ion diffusion. When the d-NVO@MXene hybrid film was directly used as the cathode, it displayed a high specific capacity of 498 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g and superior cycling stability performance with near 100 % coulomb efficiency. Furthermore, the corresponding storage mechanism was elucidated by ex situ various characterizations. This work provides new ideas for the development of freestanding vanadium-based cathode materials for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) are encouraging energy storage devices for large-scale applications. Nevertheless, the electrochemical performance of ZIHCs is often limited by the cathode materials which show low energy density and rate capability practically. One of the efficient strategies to overcome these challenges is the development of advanced carbon cathode materials with abundant physi/chemisorption sites. Herein, we develop a sulfate template strategy to prepare sulfur and oxygen doped carbon nanosheets (SOCNs) as a potential cathode active material for ZIHCs. The as-prepared SOCNs exhibit porous architectures with a large surface area of 1877 m2 g−1, substantial structural defects, and high heteroatom-doped contents (O: 7.9 at%, S: 0.7 at%). These exceptional features are vital to enhancing Zn ion storage. Consequently, the SOCN cathode shows a high capacity of 151 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, high cycle stability with 83% capacity retention at 5 A g−1 after 4000 cycles, and a superior energy density of 103.1 Wh kg−1. We also investigate the dynamic adsorption/desorption behaviors of Zn ions and anions of the ZIHCs carbon electrodes during the process of charge and discharge by ex-situ experiments. This work highlights the significance of the integration with a large specific surface area and bountiful heteroatoms in carbon electrodes for achieving high-performance ZIHCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mo-substituted VO 2 material (0.5-Mo-VO 2) exhibits high capacity and strong stability as an advanced cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) as a result of optimizing the intrinsic electronic structure and micromorphology of VO 2 by the introduction of Mo. [Display omitted] Recently, vanadium dioxide (VO 2) has been recognized as one of the most prospective cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) for its high reversible specific capacity; nevertheless, its Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and cycling stability have not yet met expectations. Herein, Mo ions are introduced into VO 2 to optimize the intrinsic electronic structure and micromorphology of VO 2 , achieving significantly enhanced zinc-ion storage. It is found that the substitution of Mo for V narrows the band gap of VO 2 and thus enhances the conductivity of the material, while VO 2 nanorods are transformed into VO 2 nanoflowers which are self-assembled from ultra-thin nanosheets after the introduction of Mo, exposing much more active sites to enhance the migration kinetics of Zn2+. Consequently, the Mo-substituted VO 2 (0.5-Mo-VO 2) exhibits excellent electrochemical properties, presenting a high initial capacity of 494.5 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g, excellent rate capability of 336 mA h g−1 at 10 A/g and brilliant cycling stability with the capacity retention of 82% over 2000 cycles at 10 A/g. This work provides significant guidance for the design of advanced cathodes for AZIBs by optimizing the electronic structure and tailoring morphology of V-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presenting a three-dimensional organic–inorganic composite frame material that features nitrogenous functional groups with zincophilicity as an artificial bi-functional layer coated on the zinc foil, to protect the Zn anodes and improve its electrochemical behaviors. [Display omitted] Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) are drawing extensive attention because of their cost-effectiveness and diminished safety hazards. Nevertheless, large-scale application of ZHSs has been hindered by the severe side reactions and rampant dendrites growth on the surface of Zn metal anodes. Herein, we propose a three-dimensional organic–inorganic composite frame material as an artificial bi-functional layer coated on the zinc foil, featuring nitrogenous functional groups with zincophilicity (abbreviated as NCFM@Zn). The nitrogen (N) site's strong adsorption capacity and synergistic effect of the sub-nanopore size promote rapid desolvation of zinc ions and reduce side reactions, while also prolonging galvanized nucleation's Sand's time and allowing for even nucleation. Moreover, the uniform distribution of N on the layer results in homogeneous zinc ions flux and supports consistent zinc plating while inhibiting dendrites generation. As a result of this unique artificial bi-functional layer, symmetric Zn cells can survive 2500 h at 2.5 mA cm−2. High-areal-capacity zinc||activated carbon hybrid supercapacitors also demonstrate 20,000 cycles at high Coulombic efficiency, thus highlighting the utter convenience and potential of this strategy for modifying rechargeable metal hybrid supercapacitor surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A simple and effective interface engineering strategy to construct an artificial protective layer, zinc hyaluronate (denoted as ZH), on the surface of Zn anode is proposed. • The ZH film prevents direct contact between the Zn anode and electrolyte, reducing hydrogen evolution and corrosion, as well as promotes uniform Zn deposition, suppresses dendrite growth. • The symmetric cell assembled with Zn@ZH shows excellent long-term cycling over 3600 h at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 and a capacity density of 5 mAh cm−2. Developing long-cycle stable Zn-ion batteries encounters significant challenges associated with Zn anodes. To address these issues, we propose an interface engineering strategy using an artificial protective layer called zinc hyaluronate (ZH) on the Zn anode surface. The ZH film acts as a barrier, preventing direct contact between Zn anode and electrolyte, reducing hydrogen evolution and corrosion. Its carboxyl and hydroxyl groups create uniform and plentiful nucleophilic sites for Zn2+ ions, promoting uniform Zn deposition and suppressing dendrite growth. Remarkably, a Zn//Zn symmetric cell assembled with ZH-decorated Zn foil (Zn@ZH) exhibits outstanding cycle life, lasting 3600 h at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 and a capacity density of 5 mAh cm−2, much better than cells with pristine Zn anode. Even under extremely tough conditions of 10 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2, the battery life exceeds 1300 h. Furthermore, the Zn@ZH//V 2 O 5 full cell demonstrates superior capacity retention compared to the Zn//V 2 O 5 cell after 1000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. These results highlight the benefits of the artificial protective layer strategy for advanced Zn anodes, providing insights into the underlying mechanism and promoting the development of high-performance aqueous zinc ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Liposomes show promise as biolubricants for damaged cartilage, but their small size results in low joint and cartilage retention. We developed a zinc ion-based liposomal drug delivery system for local osteoarthritis therapy, focusing on sustained release and tribological protection from phospholipid lubrication properties. Our strategy involved inducing aggregation of negatively charged liposomes with zinc ions to extend rapamycin (RAPA) release and improve cartilage lubrication. Liposomal aggregation occurred within 10 min and was irreversible, facilitating excess cation removal. The aggregates extended RAPA release beyond free liposomes and displayed irregular morphology influenced by RAPA. At nearly 100 µm, the aggregates were large enough to exceed the previously reported size threshold for increased joint retention. Tribological assessment on silicon surfaces and ex vivo porcine cartilage revealed the system's excellent protective ability against friction at both nano- and macro-scales. Moreover, RAPA was shown to attenuate the fibrotic response in human OA synovial fibroblasts. Our findings suggest the zinc ion-based liposomal drug delivery system has potential to enhance OA therapy through extended release and cartilage tribological protection, while also illustrating the impact of a hydrophobic drug like RAPA on liposome aggregation and morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conformal PEDOT skin formed by in-situ polymerization could effectively enhance the structural stability and improve the electrical conductivity of MOP-5. A new energy storage mechanism of ε-MnO 2 (ε-MnO 2 transformed to ZnMn 3 O 7) was first put forward. [Display omitted] Manganese dioxide (MnO 2) is an important active material for energy storage. Constructing microsphere-structured MnO 2 is key for practical application due to the high tapping density for high volumetric energy density. However, the unstable structure and poor electrical conductivity hinder the development of MnO 2 microspheres. Herein, Poly 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) is painted conformally on ε-MnO 2 microspheres to stabilize the structure and enhance the electrical conductivity via in-situ chemical polymerization. When used for Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), the obtained material (named MOP-5) with high tapping density (1.04 g cm−3) delivers a superior volumetric energy density (342.9 mWh cm−3) and excellent cyclic stability (84.5% after 3500 cycles). Moreover, we find the structure transformation of ε-MnO 2 to ZnMn 3 O 7 during the initial few cycles of charge and discharge, and the ZnMn 3 O 7 provides more reaction sites for Zinc ions from analysis of the energy storage mechanism. The material design and theoretical analysis of MnO 2 in this work may provide a new idea for future commercial applications of aqueous ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal ion doped hollow mesoporous ZnMn 2 O 4 /C microspheres were constructed. Among them, the sample 0.1 % Fe-ZnMn 2 O 4 maintains a specific capacity of 121.5 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. [Display omitted] Spinel ZnMn 2 O 4 with a three-dimensional channel structure is one of the important cathode materials for aqueous zinc ions batteries (AZIBs). However, like other manganese-based materials, spinel ZnMn 2 O 4 also has problems such as poor conductivity, slow reaction kinetics and structural instability under long cycles. Herein, ZnMn 2 O 4 mesoporous hollow microspheres with metal ion doping were prepared by a simple spray pyrolysis method and applied to the cathode of aqueous zinc ion battery. Cation doping not only introduces defects, changes the electronic structure of the material, improves its conductivity, structural stability, and reaction kinetics, but also weakens the dissolution of Mn2+. The optimized 0.1 % Fe-doped ZnMn 2 O 4 (0.1% Fe-ZnMn 2 O 4) has a capacity of 186.8 mAh g−1 after 250 charge-discharge cycles at 0.5 A g−1 and the discharge specific capacity reaches 121.5 mAh g−1 after 1200 long cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The theoretical calculation results show that doping causes the change of electronic state structure, accelerates the electron transfer rate, and improves the electrochemical performance and stability of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for stationary energy storage due to their environmental benignity and cost-effectiveness. However, the development of AZIBs continues to be plagued by a lack of cathode materials with high specific capacity and superior lifetime. Herein, we in-situ synthesize amorphous VO 2 @rGO assisted by controlling the charging cut-off voltage. Experimental results and theoretical calculations confirm that the amorphous VO 2 (A)@rGO can effectively reduce the migration energy barrier of Zn2+, improve the conductivity of the electrode, and promote the insertion/extraction of Zn2+. Consequently, the Zn//VO 2 (A)@rGO battery exhibits an ultra-high specific capacity of 527.0 mAh·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 after 100 cycles, an ultra-long cycle stability of 183.4 mAh·g−1 at 20 A·g−1 after 30,000 cycles, and an energy of 316.1 Wh·Kg−1 at a power density of 6082.9 W·Kg−1 power density. Meanwhile, we reveal that the amorphous VO 2 @rGO electrode follows a hybrid mechanism of classical Zn2+ insertion/de-insertion and the reversible phase transition from amorphous VO 2 to V 2 O 3. This study highlights that in-situ preparation of amorphous VO 2 @rGO cathode materials by controlling the charging voltage interval, opening up further possibilities for the development of high-performance AZIB cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of zincophilic regulation and protection of covalent organic framework (COF), uniform Zn ion deposition can be induced to inhibit dendrite growth and prevent chemical corrosion reactions. Moreover, abundant zincophilic sites and excellent zinc ion conduction pathway in the interfacial layer of COF can optimize the zinc ion transfer kinetics between electrolyte and Zn anode, thus inducing uniform Zn ion migration, nucleation, dissolution/plating. To realize the efficient and stable utilization of zinc anode. [Display omitted] Zn-ion energy storage devices will play important roles in the future energy storage field. However, Zn-ion device development suffers significantly from adverse chemical reactions (dendrite formation, corrosion, and deformation) on the Zn anode surface. Zn dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution corrosion, and deformation combine to degrade Zn-ion devices. Zincophile modulation and protection using covalent organic frameworks (COF) inhibited dendritic growth by induced uniform Zn ion deposition, which also prevented chemical corrosion. The Zn@COF anode circulated stably for more than 1800 cycles even at high current density in symmetric cells and maintained a low and stable voltage hysteresis. This work explains the surface state of the Zn anode and provides information for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are receiving broad attention owing to their high safety and low cost. However, the high mechanical strength and irreversible growth of zinc dendrites limit the practical application of AZIBs. Herein, regular mesh-like gullies are built on the surface of zinc foil (M150 Zn) by using simple model pressing method and stainless steel mesh as a mold. Due to the charge-enrichment effect, zinc ion deposition and stripping will be preferentially carried out in the grooves to keep the outer surface flat. In addition, zinc is exposed to 002 crystal surface in the gully after being pressed, and the deposited zinc is more inclined to grow at a small angle, so that it has a sedimentary morphology parallel to the basement. Consequently, at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2, the M150 zinc anode has a voltage hysteresis of only 35 mV and a cycle life of up to 400 h (relative to a zinc foil of 96 mV and 160 h). Even more imposing is that the full cell has a capacity retention of approximately 100% after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1 and a specific capacity of almost 60 mAh g−1 when activated carbon is used as the cathode. It is a promising method to improve the stable cycle performance of AZIBs by using a simple method to realize the non-prominent dendrites on the surface of zinc electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of VO 3 - promotes the transformation from the α -MoO 3 to the h -MoO 3. Compared to conventional α -MoO 3 and h -MoO 3 , the insertion of VO 3 - helps to improve the zinc storage performance. [Display omitted] Molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) has been widely studied in the energy storage field due to its various phase states and unique structural advantages. Among them, lamellar α -phase MoO 3 (α -MoO 3) and tunnel-like h -phase MoO 3 (h- MoO 3) have attracted much attention. In this study, we demonstrate that vanadate ion (VO 3 -) can transform α -MoO 3 (a thermodynamically stable phase) to h -MoO 3 (a metastable phase) by altering the connection of [MoO 6 ] octahedra configurations. h -MoO 3 with VO 3 - inserted (referred to as h -MoO 3 -V) as the cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) exhibits excellent Zn2+ storage performances. The improvement in electrochemical properties is attributed to the open tunneling structure of the h -MoO 3 -V, which offers more active sites for Zn2+ (de)intercalation and diffusion. As expected, the Zn// h -MoO 3 -V battery delivers specific capacity of 250 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 and rate capability (73% retention from 0.1 to 1 A·g−1, 80 cycles), well exceeding those of Zn// h -MoO 3 and Zn// α -MoO 3 batteries. This study demonstrates that the tunneling structure of h -MoO 3 can be modulated by VO 3 - to enhance the electrochemical properties for AZIBs. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights for the synthesis, development and future applications of h -MoO 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]