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Due to the large specific surface and excellent N 2 adsorption capacity of ZIF-8, the excellent light absorption ability of WS 2 , as well as the rich electronic interface between WS 2 and ZIF-8, the in situ synthesis WS 2 /ZIF-8 composite materials have superior photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance. [Display omitted] • WS 2 /ZIF-8 composites are first successfully prepared by this in situ method. • The electron-rich interface between WS 2 and ZIF-8 is formed on WS 2 /ZIF-8 composites. • Loading the catalyst on the nickel sheets is benefit to recycle and repeated experiment. • WS 2 /ZIF-8 composites exhibit admirable photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance under real and simulated sunlight or in tap water. Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (PNRR) is an environmentally friendly synthesis method. It has been regarded as a promising approach for future NH 3 preparation, which can reduce the natural fuel consumption and pollution of the Haber Bosch process. Nevertheless, this method exists poor activity for mass production, so it is urgent but challenging to explore highly efficient catalysts. Here, the novel WS 2 /ZIF-8 composites are reported, DFT and XPS indicate the transfer direction of electrons is from ZIF-8 to WS 2 , forming an electron-rich interface between WS 2 and ZIF-8, thus it endows the more powerful photocatalytic nitrogen reduction ability for 2-WS 2 /ZIF-8 than monomer material. Meanwhile, 2-WS 2 /ZIF-8 exhibits admirable photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance under real and simulated sunlight or in tap water, further attesting its excellent stability and practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular vesicle long-distance transport along the cytoplasmic actin network has recently been uncovered in several cell systems. In metaphase mouse oocytes, the motor protein myosin-5b (Myo5b) and the actin nucleation factor Spire are recruited to the Rab11a-positive vesicle membrane, forming a ternary complex of Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a that drives the vesicle long-distance transport to the oocyte cortex. However, the mechanism underlying the intermolecular regulation of the Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a complex remains unknown. In this study, we expressed and purified Myo5b, Spire2, and Rab11a proteins, and performed ATPase activity measurements, pulldown and single-molecule motility assays. Our results demonstrate that both Spire2 and Rab11a are required to activate Myo5b motor activity under physiological ionic conditions. The GTBM fragment of Spire2 stimulates the ATPase activity of Myo5b, while Rab11a enhances this activation. This activation occurs by disrupting the head-tail interaction of Myo5b. Furthermore, at the single-molecule level, we observed that the GTBM fragment of Spire2 and Rab11a coordinate to stimulate the Myo5b motility activity. Based on our results, we propose that upon association with the vesicle membrane, Myo5b, Spire2 and Rab11a form a ternary complex, and the inhibited Myo5b is synergistically activated by Spire2 and Rab11a, thereby triggering the long-distance transport of vesicles. • Both Spire2 and Rab11a are required for the activation of Myosin-5b ATPase activity. • This activation by Spire2 and Rab11a occurs by disrupting the head-tail interaction of Myosin-5b. • Spire2 and Rab11a coordinates to stimulate Myosin-5b single-molecular motility activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The spontaneous activity of the brain interacts with stimulus-induced activity which is manifested in event-related amplitude and its trial-to-trial variability (TTV). TTV describes the variability in the amplitude of the stimulus-evoked response across trials, and it is generally observed to be reduced, or quenched. While such TTV quenching has been observed on both the cellular and regional levels, its exact behavioral relevance and neuronal basis remains unclear. Applying a novel paradigm for testing neural markers of individuality in internally-guided decision-making, we here investigated whether TTV (i) represents an individually specific response by comparing individualized vs shared stimuli; and (ii) is mediated by the complexity of prestimulus activity as measured by the Lempel-Ziv Complexity index (LZC). We observed that TTV - and other electrophysiological markers such as ERP, ERSP, and ITC – showed first significant differences between individualized and shared stimuli (while controlling for task-related effects) specifically in the alpha and beta frequency bands, and secondly that TTV in the beta band correlated significantly with reaction time and eLORETA activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the complexity (LZC) of neuronal activity is higher in the prestimulus period while it decreases during the poststimulus period, with the former also correlating specifically with poststimulus individualized TTV in alpha (but not with shared TTV). Together, our results show that the TTV represents a marker of 'neural individualization' which, being related to internal processes on both neural and psychological levels, is mediated by the information complexity of prestimulus activity. More generally, our results inform the pre-post-stimulus dynamics of rest-stimulus interaction, which is a basic and ubiquitous neural phenomenon in the brain and highly relevant for mental features including their individuality. Highlights • TTV showed significant differences between individualized and shared stimuli. • TTV in the beta band correlated with reaction time and eLORETA activity. • LZC of neuronal activity is higher in the prestimulus and decreases during the poststimulus period. • Prestimulus LZC correlates with poststimulus individualized TTV in the alpha band. • TTV represents a marker of 'neural individualization' mediated by prestimulus complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Robust yet self-healing dual-functional polymer-Ag composite films with both antifogging and antibacterial properties were fabricated by a simple one-pot strategy. Abstract Dual-functional films with both antifogging and antibacterial properties have a wide range of applications on the surface of transparent materials. However, few studies have been reported so far about such dual-functional films. In this work, we developed self-healing poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid)/Ag (polymer-Ag) composite films simultaneously with antifogging and antibacterial properties via a simple one-pot strategy. The antifogging property is attributed to sufficient hydroxyl groups of polymer. Ag nanoparticles obtained through thermal treatment were homogeneously distributed in the transparent composite films, and could inhibit the growth and lead to the death of bacteria such as E. coli. Polymer crosslinking and introduction of inorganic nanomaterial endowed the composite films with high mechanical robustness, and the films demonstrated the highest 5A adhesion grade, 8H pencil hardness, and endured washing test. What's more, the composite films are capable of healing scratches caused by external forces. The robust yet self-healing dual-functional composite films with high performance by a simple mixing system would provide promising potential for their applications in various fields like medical devices, optical lens, goggles, and optical windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are going to evaluate a family { E p ( 2 m , n , k ) | p ∈ Z } of sums of multiple zeta values with even arguments and polynomial weights defined as E p ( 2 m , n , k ) = ∑ α 1 + ⋯ + α k = n ∏ j = 1 k ( α j + p − 1 α j ) × ζ ( 2 m α 1 , 2 m α 2 , ⋯ , 2 m α k ) , where p is a nonnegative integer and m , n , k are positive integers with 1 ≤ k ≤ n . The special case E 0 ( 2 , n , k ) = ∑ α 1 + ⋯ + α k = n ζ ( 2 α 1 , 2 α 2 , ⋯ , 2 α k ) for positive integers α 1 , α 2 , ⋯ , α r with α r ≥ 2 was evaluated by Hoffman [7] in 2017 as ( − 1 ) n − k − 1 π 2 n ( 2 n + 1 ) ! ∑ i = 0 n − k ( n − i k ) ( 2 n + 1 2 i ) ( 2 2 i − 2 ) B 2 i , where B n ( n = 0 , 1 , 2 , ⋯ ) are Bernoulli numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to improve Ramanujan's unsuccessful evaluation of double sums on Hurwitz zeta functions, we introduce more general multiple zeta values on Hurwitz zeta functions defined as ∑ k 1 = 0 ∞ ∑ k 2 = 0 ∞ ⋯ ∑ k r = 0 ∞ ( k 1 + x 1 ) − α 1 × [ ( k 1 + x 1 ) + ( k 2 + x 2 ) ] − α 2 × ⋯ × [ ( k 1 + x 1 ) + ( k 2 + x 2 ) + ⋯ + ( k r + x r ) ] − α r , with α 1 , α 2 , … , α r positive integers, α r ≥ 2 and positive numbers x 1 , x 2 , … , x r . Especially, we extend Euler decomposition theorem which expressed a product of two Riemann zeta values in terms of Euler double sums, to a more general decomposition theorem which expressed products of n Hurwitz zeta values in terms of multiple zeta values on Hurwitz zeta functions as mentioned before. Furthermore, we apply various differential operators to the resulted decomposition theorem to produce more decomposition theorems concerning products of multiples of values of Hurwitz zeta function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect Sf9 cells are widely used for producing recombinant proteins, including myosin. It is expected that the protein folding machinery in Sf9 cells can meet the requirement for the proper folding of exogenous myosin. Of interest is that not all class II myosins are expressed functionally in Sf9 cells. Among vertebrate class II myosins, non-muscle myosin and smooth muscle myosin, but not striated muscle myosin, are functionally expressed in Sf9 cells, presumably due to lacking vertebrate striated muscle myosin-specific chaperone Unc45b in Sf9 cells. Insects only express a generic myosin-specific chaperone Unc45, which is expected to be responsible for the folding of all insect myosins, including striated muscle myosin. This rationale promotes us to investigate the folding of recombinant insect striated muscle myosins in Sf9 cells. We expressed the heavy meromyosin version of the striated muscle myosins from three insect species (Locusta migratoria , Drosophila melanogaster and Plutella xylostella) in Sf9 cells. Similar to vertebrate smooth muscle myosin, but unlike vertebrate striated muscle myosin, the insect striated muscle myosin expressed in Sf9 cells are soluble. The purified recombinant insect striated muscle myosins display normal myosin functions, including ATP-dependent actin interaction, actin-activated ATPase activity, and in vitro actin-gliding activity, indicating that Sf9 cells are suitable for expressing insect striated muscle myosin. We therefore conclude that, unlike vertebrate striated muscle myosin requiring striated muscle-specific chaperones (such as Unc45b) for its folding, insect striated muscle myosin can be properly folded by the generic protein folding machinery in insect cells. • Insect striated muscle myosin expressed in insect Sf9 cells are soluble. • Sf9 cell-expressed insect striated muscle myosin has normal myosin functions. • Insect generic protein folding system can correctly fold its striated muscle myosin. • Sf9 cells are suitable for expressing insect striated muscle myosin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (Hall-MHD) system plays a significant role in the fluid description of an astrophysical plasma that features fast magnetic reconnection. Compared to the classical MHD system, the appearance of Hall term brings much more challenges in the field of numerical treatment. The aim of this paper is to construct an efficient spectral scheme for incompressible Hall-MHD system on three-dimensional infinite domain R 3. Combining with a novel (H N + 2 , H N) -Hermite-Galerkin spectral scheme for spatial approximation, a new non-zero constant function approach for the nonlinear terms, a second-order projection method for the momentum equations, and BDF2 scheme for the decoupled system, here we establish, for the first time, a fully decoupled, completely linearized, and unconditionally energy stable scheme with directly spatial approximation in R 3 and second-order temporal accuracy for incompressible Hall-MHD system. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the features of the proposed scheme, including convergence/stability tests and simulations of O- and X-points appearing in fast magnetic reconnection within the Hall-MHD regime. • We develop a novel (H N + 2 , H N)-Hermite-Galerkin spectral scheme for Hall-MHD system. • The scheme is linear, second-order time accurate, and unconditionally energy stable. • A new ordinary differential equation is established to reduce computational cost. • All the unknown quantities are decoupled in the practical computation. • We reveal new features of second-order pressure-projection method on infinite domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antireflective coatings on polymer substrates have received significant attention for their potential applications. In this paper, robust microporous antifogging antireflective coatings on polymer substrates were prepared from acid-catalyzed silica sol followed by hydrochloric acid vapor solidification at mild temperature below glass transition temperatures of common polymers. The coatings passed 3H pencil hardness test, sand flow test and water-drop test. They had excellent antireflective and antifogging properties. The maximum transmittance of coatings on PMMA substrates reached 100.0% (the maximum transmittance wavelength could be regulated) and average transmittance reached 99.0% in 400–800 nm. The advantage and mechanism of hydrochloric acid vapor solidification and mechanical strength enhancement of coatings are discussed in contrast to ammonia vapor treatment and air vapor treatment. The hydrochloric acid vapor treatment results in a dense integrated microporous film structure. Optical properties were characterized by a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Surface wettability was studied by a contact angle/interface system. Surface morphologies and structures of coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom force microscopy (AFM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: For positive integers with , the multiple zeta value or r-fold Euler sum is defined as There is a celebrated sum formula among multiple zeta values as where range over all positive integers with in the summation. In this paper, we shall prove that for all positive integers m and q with , and a nonnegative integer p, When and , this is precisely the sum formula. Such a formula can be used to determine explicitly, some multiple zeta values of lower weights more precisely than the sum formula. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents an improved symplectic precise integration method (PIM) to increase the accuracy and keep the stability of the computation of the rotating rigid–flexible coupled system. Firstly, the generalized Hamilton''s principle is used to establish a coupled model for the rotating system, which is discretized and transferred into Hamiltonian systems subsequently. Secondly, a suitable symplectic geometric algorithm is proposed to keep the computational stability of the rotating rigid–flexible coupled system. Thirdly, the idea of PIM is introduced into the symplectic geometric algorithm to establish a symplectic PIM, which combines the advantages of the accuracy of the PIM and the stability of the symplectic geometric algorithm. In some sense, the results obtained by this method are analytical solutions in computer for a long span of time, so the time-step can be enlarged to speed up the computation. Finally, three numerical examples show the stability of computation, the accuracy of solving stiff equations and the capability of solving nonlinear equations, respectively. All these examples prove the symplectic PIM is a promising method for the rotating rigid–flexible coupled systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) plays an important role in regulating T-cell responses and inducing peripheral tolerance. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between LAG-3 and active tuberculosis (ATB) and the impact of LAG-3 blockade on CD8+T cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of LAG-3 on CD4+T and CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ATB patients and to explore the relationship between LAG-3 and ATB. The expression of LAG-3 on CD4+T and CD8+T cells in ATB patients was increased (P < 0.001), and CD8+T cells with high expression of LAG-3 were associated with sputum culture results (P < 0.05). We further analyzed the relationship between the expression of LAG-3 in CD8+T cells and the severity of tuberculosis and found that the expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells in smear-positive tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in sputum smear-negative tuberculosis patients (P < 0.05). LAG-3 expression on CD8+T cells was negatively correlated with the presence of lung lesions (P < 0.05). After stimulation with a tuberculosis-specific antigen, the expression of LAG-3 on tuberculosis-specific CD8+T cells was also upregulated, and LAG-3-expressing CD8+T cells showed reduced production of IFN-γ, decreased activation, and lower proliferation, while the function of CD8+T cells was restored when LAG-3 signaling was blocked. This study further explored the relationship between immune exhaustion caused by LAG-3 and immune escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and revealed that the elevated expression of LAG-3 on CD8+T cells correlates with functional defects of CD8+T cells and the severity of pulmonary TB. • The expression of LAG-3 on CD8 + T cells was elevated in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. • The elevate of LAG-3 on CD8 + T cells was associated with severity of Tuberculosis. • Increased LAG-3 results in decreased activation, proliferation, secretion, and killing of CD8 + T cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) survivors are more likely to produce a potent immune response to SARS-CoV-2 after booster vaccination. We assessed humoral and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 in previously vaccinated SARS-CoV-1 survivors and naïve healthy individuals (NHIs) after a booster Ad5-nCoV dose. Boosted SARS-CoV-1 survivors had a high neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 (WA1), Beta, and Delta but is limited to Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5). Most boosted SARS-CoV-1 survivors had robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. While booster vaccination in NHIs elicited less or ineffective neutralization of WA1, Beta, and Delta, and none of them induced neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants. However, they developed comparable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses compared to boosted SARS-CoV-1 survivors. These findings suggest that boosted Ad5-nCoV would not elicit effective neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants in SARS-CoV-1 survivors and NHIs but induced comparable robust T cell responses. Achieving a high antibody titer in SARS-CoV-1 survivors and NHIs is desirable to generate broad neutralization. • Ad5-nCoV booster elicits limited neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants. • Most SARS-CoV-1 survivors had detectable AIM-specific T memory responses. • Cytokine-secreting T-cell responses were identified in most SARS-CoV-1 survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of abortion and neonatal loss in livestock, and can cause severe illness to human with weakened immune system. The heavy incidence and severe consequence indicate the development of vaccines against T . gondii is required. In this study, DNA vaccines encoding GRA1 and MIC3 antigens were developed. The parasite-specific immune responses and protection efficiency against toxoplasmosis by these DNA vaccines were evaluated in BALB/c mice. The results demonstrated that the IgG antibody production was significantly increased in multi-antigenic vaccine encoding GRA1 and MIC3 immunized group, as well as the IFN-γ level, when compared with single-gene vaccines and controls groups (p < 0.05). Two weeks after the final vaccination, the mice were challenged with either 1 × 10 4 or 1 × 10 2 RH strain tachyzoites, and the mortality and parasite reduction were observed. The multi-antigenic vaccine encoding GRA1 and MIC3 lead to the longest survival time as well as the less parasite-loads in brain and liver of immunized mice (p < 0.01). The present study indicates that the GRA1 and MIC3 showed the potential as target for vaccine investigation against toxoplasmosis. And the immune efficacy induced by multi-antigenic vaccine encoding GRA1 and MIC3 was better than that induced by single-antigenic vaccines alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface free energy and geometrical structure are two important factors to govern the surface wettability. However, the design and simple synthesis of materials with specific surface free energy and geometrical structure, and their elaborate regulations are still a key challenge. Herein, through one-step thermal evaporation method, we successfully synthesized aligned arrays of highly crystallized ZnO with modulated nail structures on the stainless steel meshes for the first time. Owing to the decoration of [0 0 0 1] oriented nail structures, the wire surface of meshes were indeed enclosed by the ZnO (0 0 0 2) facets, which had the lowest surface energy in wurtzite structure. Under no any further modifications, just by regulating the nail structure and density as well as the mesh pore sizes, we not only obtained ZnO nail-coated mesh with hydrophobic, oleophilic (oil penetration), and underwater oleophilic properties, but also fabricated one with hydrophilic (water penetration), oleophilic (oil penetration), and underwater superoleophobic properties. Furthermore, interestingly, the separation of oil and water mixture was realized by utilizing two ZnO-nail coated meshes with different wettability. The underlying mechanism was investigated and discussed in the work. Therefore, our study provides interesting insight into the design of novel functional films with desired surface wettability for the separation of oil–water mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), bifunctional molecules consisting of a ligand of protein of interest (POI), an E3 ligase ligand and a linker, have been developed to hijack the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) to induce different POIs degradation. Currently, the first oral PROTACs (ARV-110 and ARV-471) have shown encouraging efficacy in clinical trials of prostate and breast cancer treatment, which turns a new avenue for the development of PROTAC research. In this review, we focus on a detailed summary of the latest progress of PROTACs and elucidate the advantages of PROTACs technology. In addition, potential challenges and perspectives of PRTOACs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical Euler decomposition theorem expresses a product of two Riemann zeta values in terms of double Euler sums. Also, the sum formula expresses a single Riemann zeta value in terms of multiple zeta values of depth n . In this paper, we express a product of n Riemann zeta values in terms of multiple zeta values of depth n . We establish a new and general explicit formula ζ ( d 1 + 2 ) ζ ( d 2 + 2 ) ⋯ ζ ( d n + 2 ) = ∑ | α | = | d | + 2 n − 1 ζ ( α 1 , α 2 , … , α n + 1 ) ∑ σ ∈ S n σ d { ( h n d n + 1 ) ( h n − 1 d n − 1 + 1 ) ⋯ ( h 2 d 2 + 1 ) } , where h j = d j + 2 + ∑ ℓ ≥ j ( α ℓ − d ℓ − 2 ) , S n is the symmetric group of n objects, and σ d is the induced permutation of σ on the set { d 1 , d 2 , … , d n } . The case n = 2 gives the Euler decomposition theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia-induced arginase elevation plays an essential role in several vascular diseases but influence of arginase on hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis is completely unknown. In this study, in vitro network formation in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) was examined after exposure to hypoxia for 24 h with or without arginase inhibition. Arginase activity, protein levels of the two arginase isoforms, eNOS, and VEGF as well as production of NO and ROS were examined to determine the involvement of arginase in hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis. Hypoxia elevated arginase activity and arginase 2 expression but reduced active p-eNOS Ser1177 and NO levels in BAEC. In addition, both VEGF protein levels and endothelial elongation and network formation were reduced with continued hypoxia, whereas ROS levels increased and NO levels decreased. Arginase inhibition limited ROS, restored NO formation and VEGF expression, and prevented the reduction of angiogenesis. These results suggest a fundamental role of arginase activity in regulating angiogenic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In energy-constrained wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency is critical for prolonging the network lifetime. A family of ant colony algorithms called DAACA for data aggregation are proposed in this paper. DAACA consists of three phases: initialization, packets transmissions and operations on pheromones. In the transmission phase, each node estimates the remaining energy and the amount of pheromones of neighbor nodes to compute the probabilities for dynamically selecting the next hop. After certain rounds of transmissions, the pheromones adjustments are performed, which take the advantages of both global and local merits for evaporating or depositing pheromones. Four different pheromones adjustment strategies which constitute DAACA family are designed to prolong the network lifetime. Experimental results indicate that, compared with other data aggregation algorithms, DAACA shows higher superiority on average degree of nodes, energy efficiency, prolonging the network lifetime, computation complexity and success ratio of one hop transmission. At last, the features of DAACA are analyzed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We quantified the serum levels of 34 cytokines/chemokines in 30 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Elevated levels of IP-10 and IL-7 were detected in the acute and convalescent stages of the infection and were highly associated with disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]