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There are a lot of coal cinder and dust in the development of coal resource-based cities. Improper handling will cause dust flying, which has a great impact on urban residents and the environment. The purpose of this research is to follow the principle of waste recycling, to use waste shrimp shells to extract chitosan as a raw material, to carry out graft polymerization with acrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol-1788, and to carry out amidation crosslinking reactions with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to produce products. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation of chitosan reached 85% with the optimized extraction method, which greatly shortened the process cycle. Through orthogonal experiments and osmotic wetting experiments, the best preparation process was determined. The reaction process, structure of the product and adhesive structure of the solidified layer were analyzed by FTIR, XPS and SEM. The thermal stability of the product was analyzed by thermogravimetry. Relevant performance tests showed that the product had good adhesion with dust, the hardness of the solidified layer could reach 98 HA, and the dust fixation rate was 92.67% when the wind speed was 15–18 m/s. It has the advantage of circulating dust fixation, which improves the utilization rate of resources. [Display omitted] • A new dust-fixing agent with excellent performance was prepared. • Conduct comprehensive tests on the characterization and properties of materials. • Raw materials for preparation are cheap and novel. • The extraction process of shrimp shell was optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]